国際誌論文データベース

Ikeda, K. (池田謙一), & Akaeda, N. (赤枝尚樹). (2025).
Perceived societal risk and well-being inequality: Exploring political-psychological correlates of subjective life satisfaction.
社会的リスク認知と幸福感格差：主観的生活満足度をめぐる政治心理的要因の探求
Applied Research in Quality of Life.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-025-10509-y

This study examines the political-psychological dynamics surrounding subjective well-being (SWB), using data from the sixth and seventh waves of the World Values Survey. We focus on a factor related to individuals’ perceived sense of control over society: perceived national and societal risk. In addition, we assess how this perception relates to aggregate patterns of SWB distribution–specifically, upward and downward comparative disparities–rather than the overall extent of inequality. Our findings indicate that higher perceived risks are consistently associated with lower SWB. To test the robustness of these associations, we also conducted an instrumental variable (IV) estimation to address potential endogeneity in perceived national and societal risk. While the results suggest a possible directional influence from risk perception to SWB, limitations in the validity of instruments and the stability of estimates warrant cautious interpretation. Nonetheless, the association remains robust even after accounting for macro-level indicators, such as gross domestic product per capita, income inequality, and measures of democratic governance (Freedom House score). Furthermore, the interactive effects of upward and downward comparative disparities with perceived societal risk become more pronounced in high-risk contexts, amplifying the negative association in the case of upward disparities (Iu) and enhancing the positive association in the case of downward disparities (Id). While causality cannot be definitively established, the findings clarify the structural interplay between perceived societal risk, the distributional shape of well-being, and individual-level SWB. This provides a conceptual framework for understanding how societal risk perceptions and well-being disparities jointly shape SWB across different contexts.

　本研究は、主観的ウェルビーイング(subjective well-being; SWB)をめぐる政治心理学的ダイナミクスを検討するために、World Values Survey（世界価値観調査）第6波および第7波のデータを用いて分析を行ったものである。特に個人が社会に対して抱く統制感(の欠如)と関連する要因として、「国家的・社会的リスクの認知(perceived national and societal risk)」に焦点を当て、さらに単に幸福感の不平等の大きさを扱うのではなく、SWBの分布構造、すなわち上方比較および下方比較に基づく格差パターンとの関連を検討した。
　分析手法は、各国二度の測定に基づく国別効果モデルによる順序ロジット分析を主とした。この分析の結果、国家的・社会的リスクの認知が高いほど、SWBが一貫して低い傾向にあることが明らかとなった。これらの関連の頑健性を確認するため、リスク認知の内生性を考慮した操作変数法(instrumental variable estimation; IV推定)も実施した。その結果、リスク認知からSWBへの一方向的影響の可能性が示唆されたが、操作変数の妥当性および推定の安定性に限界があるため、解釈には慎重を要する。
　それにもかかわらず、リスク認知とSWBとの負の関連は、1人当たり国内総生産(GDP)、所得格差、民主的統治の水準(Freedom Houseスコア)といったマクロ指標を統制した後も一貫して確認された。さらに、上方比較格差(Iu)および下方比較格差(Id)と社会的リスク認知との交互作用効果は、高リスク文脈において顕著となり、前者では負の関連が強化され、後者では正の関連が増幅される傾向が見られた。
　より具体的には、国や社会レベルでのリスク認知が高まると、上方比較的な不平等が大きい社会では、主観的ウェルビーイング(SWB)の低下がより顕著になる。個々の市民は、自らが属する社会におけるSWBの分布を選択することはできない。この観点から見ると、上方比較的不平等が大きい社会が不安定化し、リスクが高まるとき、市民はウェルビーイングの低下によってもたらされる不幸を「選べない」状況に置かれるといえる。一方で、下方比較的な不平等という観点から幸福格差を検討すると、幸福感の「厚い中間層」の存在(Idが高い社会)が国家的・社会的リスクが高い状況下においても「最大多数の最大幸福(the greatest happiness for the greatest number)」という理念の保持を可能にする構造を作り出していることを示唆している。
　因果関係を最終的に確定することはできないものの、本研究の結果は、社会的リスク認知、ウェルビーイングの分布構造(格差)、個人レベルのSWBとの間に存在する構造的な相互関係を明らかにするものである。これにより、社会的リスク認知と幸福格差がどのように結びつき、文脈ごとにSWBを形成していくのかを理解するための概念的枠組みを提示した。

Nozaki, Y.（野崎 優樹） (2025). 
Sharing motives shape interface preferences for social sharing of Emotion with conversational AI.
対話型AIに感情の社会的共有を行う際の動機がインターフェースの選好に及ぼす影響
Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, Article 100229.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100229

Social sharing of emotion with conversational AI is a growing phenomenon. While social presence theory suggests richer, more human-like interfaces enhance social connection, how interface design influences users’ willingness to share emotions with conversational AI depending on their motives remains underexplored. Using an experimental vignette methodology, this study examines the influence of interface type (text vs. voice; without vs. with visual presence) and user motives (seeking cognitive support, social-affective support, or capitalization) on the willingness to share emotions with conversational AI, drawing a comparison with human partners. Based on data from 195 Japanese university students, the results revealed distinct user preferences. For the cognitive and social-affective support motives, users preferred a text-based interface, especially without visual presence (i.e., no avatar). Conversely, for the capitalization motive, an interface featuring visual presence was preferred. Moreover, perceived warmth was positively related to the willingness to share for social-affective support and capitalization motives, whereas perceived competence was positively related to it for cognitive and social-affective support motives. These patterns differed from those found in mediated communication with human partners. These findings refine social presence theory by suggesting that richer, more human-like interfaces are not always superior and underscore the importance of designing conversational AI tailored to user motives from a human-centered perspective.

Yang, F.（楊帆）, & Oshio, A（小塩真司）. (2025).
Mindfulness mediates the relationship between attachment style and general self-efficacy: Preliminary evidence from cross-sectional and cross-lagged studies.
マインドフルネスは愛着スタイルと一般的自己効力感の関連を媒介する：横断研究と交差遅延研究からの証拠
Journal of Individual Differences.
https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000444

Attachment style is related to general self-efficacy. However, the underpinning mechanisms regarding this association remain unclear. The way people treat their own experiences is vital to general self-efficacy. Mindfulness is a key feature of attachment security, and mindful individuals could utilize positive experiences efficiently and prevent negative ones from impacting their self-efficacy. Thus, the current study investigated the potential mediating role of mindfulness in the association between attachment style and general self-efficacy. Study 1 used a cross-sectional design with 709 participants living in Tokyo, Japan. The results of Study 1 indicated that mindfulness was negatively associated with attachment avoidance and anxiety and positively associated with general self-efficacy. Attachment avoidance and anxiety were negatively related to general self-efficacy, and mindfulness mediated this relationship. Study 2 adopted a cross-lagged model to examine the directionality of these variables. Data from 408 Japanese participants showed that, at a 3-month interval, attachment anxiety negatively predicted mindfulness and general self-efficacy, and mindfulness negatively predicted general self-efficacy. Attachment avoidance positively predicted mindfulness, and mindfulness negatively predicted attachment avoidance. These findings support that evaluative attitude and the amplified negative emotions of attachment anxiety may constitute an unstable inner environment, which is likely to hamper mindfulness and general self-efficacy.

Ishii, T.（石井 辰典）, Kobayashi, M., & Watanabe, K. (2025).
Children’s religious belief in Japan: Relationships with empathy and parental belief.
日本の児童の宗教的信念：共感的関心と養育者の宗教的信念の役割
Psychology of Religion and Spirituality.
https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000579

This preregistered study investigated whether children’s religious beliefs (RBs) are predicted by empathic concerns and parents’ religious beliefs. Participants included 166 Japanese children aged 6–12 years and their parents who visited a national museum. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that included measures of their religious beliefs and empathic concerns. Children’s religious beliefs were positively and independently explained by their empathic concern and parents’ religious beliefs even after controlling for parents’ empathic concern and demographic variables (age and gender). Bootstrapping analysis revealed that a positive association of this magnitude between children’s and parents’ beliefs rarely occurred among random pairs, indicating that factors within the familial context were the source of this association. These results support the two-factor hypothesis and highlight the importance of social cognitive abilities and vertical transmission in developing religious beliefs.

＊本研究の実施に当たり、日本科学未来館の皆様、早稲田大学理工学術院・渡邊克巳研究室の皆様に多大なサポートを頂きました。記して感謝申し上げます。
＊日本語での解説はこちら：https://x.gd/ULINS

Yamamoto, H.(山本仁志), Okada, I.(岡田勇), & Suzuki, T.(鈴木貴久) (2025).
Gradual reputation dynamics evolve and sustain cooperation in indirect reciprocity.
段階的な3値の評判ダイナミクスが間接互恵における協力を進化させ安定させる
PLoS One, 20(8), e0329742.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0329742

Humans have achieved widespread cooperation, largely sustained by mechanisms such as indirect reciprocity, which relies on reputation and social norms. People are highly motivated to maintain a good reputation, and social norms play a critical role in reputation systems by defining acceptable behavior, helping prevent exploitation by free-riders. However, there is a gap between theory and experiment in handling reputation information, with experiments often failing to capture the complexity that theoretical models propose. Here, we address two key issues: what kind of information is needed to define reputation as a social norm and the appropriate level of granularity required for reputation information to function effectively. This paper combines scenario-based experiments and evolutionary game theory to investigate the social norms individuals adopt in real-world settings, aiming to uncover the stability of these norms. Our results show that reputations should be categorized into three levels good, neutral, and bad. Results suggest gradual reputation dynamics that increase and decrease gradually due to cooperation or defection. However, a person’s reputation remains unchanged only when they defect against a bad reputation. Our experimental and theoretical results support critical insights into the dynamics of reputation and social norms within indirect reciprocity, challenging traditional binary reputational evaluations. The gradual nature of reputation updating and the use of nuanced evaluations provide a more realistic model of reputation dynamics.

Yamamoto, H.(山本仁志), Okada, I.(岡田勇), & Suzuki, T.(鈴木貴久) (2025).
Tolerant integrated reciprocity sustains cooperation in a noisy environment.
直接互恵と間接互恵の統合による寛容な戦略はエラーに対して頑健に協力を安定化する
Scientific Reports, 15(1), 28912.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14538-3

Human cooperation relies on both direct and indirect reciprocity. While these mechanisms are often treated as separate, real-world decision-making frequently involves integrating the two. However, the existing literature has paid limited attention to the contextual factors and mechanisms supporting the coexistence of direct and indirect reciprocity. This study proposes and analyses a model of integrated reciprocity that combines personal experiences with reputational information. Using agent-based simulations, we systematically and comprehensively evaluate social norms and demonstrate that tolerant integrated reciprocity, which incorporates a partner’s past behaviour and reputation, can sustain cooperation more robustly than strategies based solely on direct or indirect reciprocity. In particular, the combination of tolerant integrated reciprocity with the “Standing” norm maintains high cooperation levels even in noisy environments characterised by assessment and implementation errors. These findings suggest that tolerance and using multiple information sources provide an adaptive advantage in sustaining cooperation.

Krueger, F., Riedl, R., Bartz, J.A., Cook, K.S., Gefen, D., Hancock, P.A., Jarvenpaa, S.L., Krabbendam, L., Lee, M.R., Mayer, R.C., Mislin, A., Müller-Putz, G.R., Simpson, T., Takagishi, H.（高岸治人）, & Van Lange, P.A.M. (2025).
A call for transdisciplinary trust research in the artificial intelligence era.
AI時代における超学際的な信頼研究の必要性に関する提言
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, 1124.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05481-9

Trust is a cornerstone and enabler of human civilization, determining the very nature of how people interact with each other. The swift integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into daily life poses grand societal challenges and necessitates a reevaluation of trust. Our bibliometric literature review calls for scientists and stakeholders to cross traditional academic boundaries to address emerging and evolving societal challenges arising from AI. We propose a transdisciplinary research framework to understand and bolster trust in AI and address grand challenges in domains as diverse and urgent as misinformation, discrimination, and warfare.

信頼は、人類社会を成り立たせる土台であり、人と人との関わり方そのものを決める重要な要素です。ところが、AIが私たちの暮らしに急速に浸透したことで、社会は大きな課題に直面し、信頼のあり方を改めて考え直す必要が出てきました。私たちの文献レビューによると、AIがもたらす新しい社会問題に対応するには、研究者と実務家（行政・企業・市民など）が学問分野の壁を越えて協力することが欠かせません。そこで私たちは、AIへの信頼を理解し高めるための「超学際的（トランスディシプリナリー）」研究フレームワークを提案します。この枠組みは、誤情報の拡散、差別の助長、戦争への悪用など、緊急性の高い多様な課題に取り組むための道筋を示すものです。

Kowal, M., Sorokowski, P., … Ishii, T.（石井辰典）, … & Prazeres, F. (2025).
Cross-cultural data on romantic love and mate preferences from 117,293 participants across 175 countries.
175カ国・117,293人の参加者を対象とした、ロマンティックな愛とパートナー選択に関する文化比較データ
Scientific Data, 12, 1103.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05365-2

Psychological studies on close relationships have often overlooked cultural diversity, dynamic processes, and potentially universal principles that shape intimate partnerships. To address the limited generalizability of previous research and advance our understanding of romantic love experiences, mate preferences, and physical attractiveness, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural survey study on these topics. A total of 404 researchers collected data in 45 languages from April to August 2021, involving 117,293 participants from 175 countries. Aside from standard demographic questions, the survey included valuable information on variables relevant to romantic relationships: intimate, passionate, and committed love within romantic relationships, physical-attractiveness enhancing behaviors, gender equality endorsement, collectivistic attitudes, personal history of pathogenic diseases, relationship quality, jealousy, personal involvement in sexual and/or emotional infidelity, relational mobility, mate preferences, and acceptance of sugar relationships. The resulting dataset provides a rich resource for investigating patterns within, and associations across, a broad range of variables relevant to romantic relationships, with extensive opportunities to analyze individual experiences worldwide.

調査票の日本語訳および日本でのデータ収集は、石井辰典（日本女子大学）・国里愛彦（専修大学）・遠山朝子（専修大学）・山田祐樹（九州大学）が担当しました（氏名はアルファベット順）。またこの活動に際し、日本心理学会「新型コロナウイルス感染拡大に関連した実践活動及び研究」の助成を受けました。

Kido, Y. (貴堂雄太), & Takezawa, M. (竹澤正哲) (2025).
Empirical evidence for the spread of Cooperation through copying successful groups. 
成功集団の模倣による協力拡散：実証的証拠
Scientific Reports, 15, 22289.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07863-0

Large-scale cooperation among unrelated humans remains an evolutionary puzzle. Cultural group selection theory suggests that strong intergroup selection drives the evolution of cooperation, given substantial behavioral variation between groups. This study investigated payoff-biased imitation of successful out-groups as an intergroup selection process, specifically as an alternative to warfare-based mechanisms. We thus conducted two experiments manipulating exposure to cooperative out-group information in public goods games, demonstrating that cooperative behavior can indeed transmit across group boundaries, thereby influencing decision-making processes. However, this effect gradually diminished within groups, and transmitted cooperation was not likely to spread. Additionally, we performed a cross-cultural survey examining relationships between press freedom, which is a proxy for accessibility to out-group information, and different types of prosociality. The results revealed contrasting relationships, particularly in democratic countries: higher press freedom positively predicted impersonal prosociality (e.g., generalized trust) while negatively predicting personal prosociality (e.g., trust in family). These findings suggest that cultural processes such as payoff-biased imitation can facilitate the spread of cooperation beyond group boundaries, serving as a potential channel for intergroup selection. Finally, we discuss the implications for cultural group selection theory and additional mechanisms’ potential role in sustaining within-group cooperation.

Ueda, S. (上田皐介) & Yamagata, S. (2025).
Self-presentation of extraversion shifts all the Big Five personality traits in a socially desirable direction.
外向性の自己呈示はBig Fiveの全性格特性を社会的に望ましい方向に変化させる
International Journal of Personality Psychology, 11, 86–90. 
https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.11.42470

The internalization of self-presentation (IOSP; Tice, 1992) is a phenomenon where individuals internalize presented traits (e.g., extraversion) and shift the level of their traits in the presented direction. While IOSP predicts self-concept shifts only in the presented traits, this pre-registered study examined whether self-concepts of non-presented traits also shift in socially desirable directions. Based on statistical power analyses, 89 Japanese undergraduate students were recruited. They completed measures of the Big Five personality traits at two time points: 7–10 days prior to and immediately following a task where they wrote a self-introduction designed to convey an extraverted impression. Paired t-tests revealed shifts in all the Big Five traits in the predicted socially desirable directions (Cohen’s |dz| = .29–.36). These findings suggest that self-presentation of extraversion influences the self-concept of both presented and non-presented traits, challenging the current understanding of IOSP. Possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and implications for future research on personality change are discussed.

自己呈示の内在化（internalization of self-presentation, IOSP; Tice, 1992）とは、自己呈示した方向に自己概念が変化する現象である (e.g., 外向性の自己呈示を行うと，自身を外向的だと思うようになる)。IOSPでは、呈示された特性の自己概念のみが変化すると予測されるが、本研究では、自己呈示されていない特性においても社会的に望ましい方向への変化が生じるかを事前登録を行ったうえで検討した。検定力分析では87名が必要となり、日本人大学生89名が参加した。参加者は、外向的な印象を与えることを目的とした自己紹介文を作成する課題の実施前（7～10日前）と実施直後の2時点で、Big Five尺度に回答した。対応のあるt検定の結果、Big Fiveの全性格特性が社会的に望ましい方向に有意に変化した（Cohenの|dz| = .29～.36）。これらの結果は、外向性の自己呈示が、呈示された特性のみならず呈示されていない特性の自己概念にも影響を及ぼす可能性を示唆し、IOSPに関する従来の理解に再検討を促すものである。本研究では、この現象を生じさせうるメカニズムや、パーソナリティの変化 (personality change) に関する研究領域への示唆について議論した。