国際誌論文データベース

Hashimoto, H.（橋本博文）, Maeda, K.（前田楓）, & Matsumura, K.（松村楓） (2022). 
Fickle Judgments in Moral Dilemmas: Time Pressure and Utilitarian Judgments in an Interdependent Culture. 
道徳ジレンマにおける「移ろいやすい」判断：相互協調文化におけるタイムプレッシャーと功利主義的判断の関係 
Frontiers in Psychology, 13:795732.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.795732/full

In the trolley problem, a well-known moral dilemma, the intuitive process is believed to increase deontological judgments, while deliberative reasoning is thought to promote utilitarian decisions. Therefore, based on the dual-process model, there seems to be an attempt to save several lives at the expense of a few others in a deliberative manner. This study examines the validity of this argument. To this end, we manipulate decision-making time in the standard trolley dilemma to compare differences among 119 Japanese female undergraduates under three conditions: intuitive judgment, deliberative judgment, and judgment after a group discussion. The current results demonstrate that utilitarian judgments decreased from 52.9% in the intuition condition to 43.7% in the deliberation condition and 37.0% after the discussion. Additional analysis suggests that the decrease in utilitarian judgments may be related to psychological unwillingness to assume responsibility for the lives of others rather than to an increase in deontological judgments. Finally, these results are discussed from an adaptationist perspective.

プレスリリース：https://www.osaka-cu.ac.jp/ja/news/2021/220328

Takano, R. (高野了太), & Nomura, M. (野村理朗) (2022). 
Relationships between right-wing authoritarianism and spirituality in Japan. 
日本におけるRWAとスピリチュアリティの関係
Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. Advance online publication. 
https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000462

Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) consists of two factors: authoritarianism—the tendency to venerate and submit to established authorities—and conventionalism—the propensity to protect traditional values. By focusing on ancestor and nature worship in Japan, this study highlighted the construct of RWA in terms of two aspects of spirituality: feelings of respect for and connectedness to higher-order entities, and feelings of universality and oneness with others. Study 1 (cross-sectional) indicated that the tendencies of ancestor worship predicted higher levels of authoritarianism, while those of nature worship predicted lower levels of conventionalism, even when controlling for general attitudes toward religious symbols. Study 2 (experimental) showed that while the recollection of spiritual experiences did not directly affect RWA, indirect routes via feelings of spirituality existed. Specifically, the recollection of an ancestor worship experience increased feelings of respect/connectedness for ancestors, which were related to higher levels of authoritarianism, and that of a nature worship experience increased feelings of universality/oneness under nature, which were associated with lower levels of conventionalism. These results provide a more nuanced understanding of RWA through demonstrating that RWA might be specifically associated with these two aspects of spirituality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Study2は、第62回日本社会心理学会にて発表いたしました。 http://iap-jp.org/jssp/conf_archive/paper_download.php?s=2021-A-0171

Shimizu, Y（清水佑輔）., Hashimoto, T.（橋本剛明）, & Karasawa, K.（唐沢かおり） (2022).  
Influence of contact experience and germ aversion on negative attitudes toward older adults: Role of youth identity.
高齢者偏見に対する接触経験と感染嫌悪の影響：若者アイデンティティに着目して 
Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 829742.  
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.829742

The world’s population is currently aging, and the issue of ageism has become serious worldwide, including in Japan. Negative attitudes toward older adults can have undesirable effects on the mental and physical health of this group. We focused on the effects of contact experience with older adults and germ aversion, or the degree of aversion to infection, on negative attitudes toward older adults. Additionally, we included a moderating variable; youth identity, or the sense of belonging with younger rather than older age groups. An online survey was conducted with Japanese participants (N = 603). We conducted multiple regression analyses and the results showed that the interaction effect between youth identity and contact experience on negative attitudes toward older adults was significant. The findings suggest that contact experience may help in reducing negative attitudes toward older adults among people with low youth identity. The interaction effect between youth identity and germ aversion, however, was not significant. Academic research on the effects of some psychological interventions (e.g., intergenerational social exchange) should pay particular attention to the role of youth identity. Future directions for empirical studies are also discussed.

Ogihara, Y. (荻原祐二) (2022). 
Further explanations for difficulties in reading recent Japanese names correctly. 
近年の日本人の名前を正しく読むことの難しさに関する更なる説明
Frontiers in Education, 6, 799119. 
https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.799119

A previous study analyzed the names of babies born in Japan between 2004 and 2018 and demonstrated that common writings have many variations in readings, which makes it difficult to choose the correct reading at first glance (Ogihara, 2021c). The study provides empirical evidence of the difficulties in reading recent Japanese names correctly. The current article answers three questions on Ogihara (2021c). Specifically, I explain 1) it is still difficult to read recent Japanese names correctly even if one tries to remember the most frequent readings of names 2) specific numbers of reading variations are not important, and 3) how we should deal with these difficulties. This new information would certainly help to further comprehend the difficulties in reading recent Japanese names correctly, which contributes to a better understanding of names and naming practices not only in Japan but also across the entire Sinosphere.

Maeda, K. (前田楓), Hashimoto, H. (橋本博文), Sato, K. (佐藤剛介) (2021). 
Creating a positive perception toward inclusive education with future-oriented thinking. 
未来志向がインクルーシブ教育に対する肯定的な認識に及ぼす効果
BMC Research Notes, 14:467.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05882-4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the ways that encouraged people to develop positive attitudes and perceptions toward inclusive education. The Japanese special needs education system for students with disabilities has been shifting from a segregated model to a more inclusive form which is the major challenge facing educational systems around the world. While support for inclusive practices has grown rapidly in Japan, their implementation requires more attention. Considering these situations, in the current study, we experimentally manipulated future-oriented thinking and examined whether positive perceptions about inclusive education was enhanced if people acknowledged and realized that an inclusive society may improve the long-term welfare of not only people with disabilities but also people without disabilities or functional limitations. Results: Our results partially confirmed that future-oriented thinking encouraged positive perceptions of inclusive education. It increased only when participants thought about the future employment of people with/without disabilities. No significant effects were found for the present orientation or control conditions.

Van Bavel, J.J., Cichocka, A., Capraro, V. et al. (2022).
National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic. 
世界的パンデミック時の公衆衛生行動や政策支持とナショナル・アイデンティティの関連
Nature Communicaions, 13, 517.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.

調査票日本語版の作成および日本データの収集を，堀内勇作・Charles Crabtree（ダートマス大学）・三浦麻子（大阪大学）・大坪庸介（東京大学）・山田祐樹（九州大学）が担当しました．

Shimizu, Y.(清水佑輔), Ishizuna, A., Osaki, S., Hashimoto, T.(橋本剛明), Tai, M., Tanibe, T.(谷辺哲史), & Karasawa, K.(唐沢かおり) (2022).
The social acceptance of smart health services in Japan. 
日本におけるスマートヘルス関連事業への社会受容性 
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1298. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031298

In recent years, smart health (s-Health) services have gained momentum worldwide. The s-Health services obtain personal information and aim to provide efficient health and medical services based on these data. In Japan, active efforts to implement these services have increased, but there is a lack of social acceptance. This study examined social acceptance concerning various factors such as trust in the city government, perceived benefits, perceived necessity, perceived risk, and concern about interventions for individuals. An online survey was conducted, and Japanese participants (N = 720) were presented with a vignette depicting a typical s-Health service overview. The results of structural equation modeling showed that trust was positively related to perceived benefit and necessity and negatively related to perceived risk and concern about interventions for individuals. Perceived benefit and trust were positively related to social acceptance, and perceived risk was negatively related to acceptance. The model obtained in this study can help implement s-Health services in public. Empirical studies that contribute to improving public health by investigating the social acceptance of s-Health services should be conducted in the future.

Ogihara, Y. (荻原祐二) (2022). 
Common writings of baby names in Japan, 1989-2003: Explanation of survey data. 
日本における新生児の名前の一般的な表記, 1989-2003: 調査データの説明
Data in Brief, 40, 107678. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107678

Previous research on Japanese names has analyzed the surveys on baby names conducted by Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance Company. The company displayed the yearly top 10 common writings of baby names between 1989 and 2003. However, it was unclear how the surveys for those 15 years were conducted. The data are necessary to evaluate the usableness of the surveys and conduct empirical research. Therefore, I asked the company for further data about the surveys. The methods of the surveys were consistent not only between 1989 and 2003, but also consistent with those between 2004 and 2018. The analyses on the annual sample sizes by gender showed that the surveys between 1989 and 2003 are comparable to the surveys between 2004 and 2018. The company is unable to access the raw data of these surveys, which makes it impossible to provide results other than the top 10 most common writings.

Shimizu, Y. (清水佑輔) (2022). 
Multiple desirable methods in outlier detection of univariate data with R source codes. 
単変量データにおける外れ値の検出法およびRによる実装
Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 819854. 
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.819854

The existence of outliers has been a methodological obstacle in various literature. There are many cases when we should deal with outliers of univariate data. If inappropriate methods are used, it can lead to biased and wrong conclusions. The purpose of this opinion paper is reviewing more desirable methods for detecting outliers of univariate data (specifically, square root transformation, median absolute deviation, Grubbs’ test, and Ueda’s method), and presenting source code and sample data that allow us to conduct each detection method. These detection methods have desirable advantages over the conventional method and they are relatively easy to implement. In addition, the results of applying each outlier detection method to a real data set are shown. Presented methods in this article can be conducted using R, a free statistical software. By summarizing various outlier detection methods and providing analysis source codes, useful knowledge in psychological research can be provided.

Miyagawa, Y. (宮川裕基), Tóth-Király, I., Knox, M. C., Taniguchi, J.(谷口淳一), & Niiya, Y. (新谷優). (2022). 
日本語版状態セルフ・コンパッション尺度 (SSCS-J) の開発
Development of the Japanese Version of the State Self-Compassion Scale (SSCS-J). 
Frontiers in Psychology, 12:779318. 
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.779318

Research in the U.S. developed and validated the State Self-Compassion Scale (SSCS), which measures self-compassionate reactions toward a specific negative event. The current study is aimed at developing the Japanese version of the State Self-Compassion Scale (SSCS-J) and extending previous findings in the U.S. by showing measurement invariance across sexes and demonstrating the construct validity of this scale. Across two studies (n = 596 in Study 1, n = 474 in Study 2), the bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling representation of the SSCS-J showed excellent fit in which a single global factor (i.e., self-compassion) and most of the specific factors (six subscales) were well defined. Study 1 further provided evidence for the measurement invariance across sexes. The SSCS-J was related with higher trait self-compassion and lower fear of and negative beliefs about self-compassion. In Study 2, participants who were instructed to be self-compassionate reported higher scores in the SSCS-J relative to those in the control condition. These results attest to the replicability of the factor structure of the SSCS in Japan and provide further evidence for the construct validity of this scale.

Neff et al. (2021, Mindfulness) による状態セルフ・コンパッション尺度 (State Self-Compassion Scale) の日本語版です。Studies 1 and 2で、日本語版状態セルフ・コンパッション尺度 (SSCS-J) の因子構造を確認し、他の変数との関連から妥当性を検討しました。Study 2ではNeff et al. (2021) で用いられた状態的にセルフ・コンパッションを高める実験操作 (Self-compassionate mindstate induction) を用いて、セルフコンパッション群では統制群に比べて、状態セルフ・コンパッションが高いことを示しました。SSCS-Jの項目や日本語版Self-compassionate mindstate inductionの教示は論文の電子付録に掲載しております。