国際誌論文データベース

Ogihara, Y. (荻原祐二) (2021). 
Social security number holders in the United States, 1909-2019. 
アメリカ（1909-2019）における社会保障番号保持者の割合
Frontiers in Big Data, 4:802256. 
https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2021.802256

Currently, a social security number (SSN) is held by almost every legal resident of the United States and works as an important numbering system. However, this was not the case in the early years of the Social Security program and historical changes in SSN holder rates had not been examined sufficiently. It is important to understand the changes in health policies and situations. Thus, the present article examined historical changes in the rates of SSN holders in the United States between 1909 and 2019. Analyses demonstrated that the rates clearly increased. Specifically, in Phase 1 (1909-1919), the rates were low in the early period, but they increased markedly. In Phase 2 (1919-1952), the rates continued to increase gradually. In Phase 3 (1952-2019), the rates were almost 100% and reached saturation. This basic information leads to a better understanding of the health policies and situations, contributing to medical and social science research.

Hiraoka, D.（平岡大樹）, Nomura, M., & Kato, M. (2021). 
Longitudinal Study of Maternal Beliefs About Infant Crying During the Postpartum Period: Interplay With Infant’s Temperament. 
産褥期における乳児の泣き声に関する母親の信念の縦断的研究：乳児の気質との相互関係
Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 6041. 
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.786391

Infant crying is an important signal for their survival and development, and maternal beliefs about crying predict responsiveness to crying. Most studies have considered caregivers’ reactions to crying to be fixed, and it is unclear how they change with their caregiving experience. Additionally, it has recently been suggested that there is a bidirectional relationship between changes in mothers’ beliefs about crying and infants’ temperament. This study examined that relationship using a longitudinal study design. Maternal beliefs about crying and infant temperament of 339 Asian first-time mothers (mean age = 28.7 years, SD = 4.1) were measured at 1-month intervals over 4 months. There were 289 participants in Wave 2, 240 in Wave 3, and 164 in Wave 4. Prior to the main survey, we conducted a pre-survey to confirm the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Infant Crying Questionnaire. The results showed that parent-oriented beliefs, which focus on the caregiver rather than the crying infant, increased in mothers who had infants aged 3 months or older at Wave 1. We also found that the process of change in maternal beliefs was not uniform, and that infants high on surgency predicted changes in maternal beliefs about infant crying. Longitudinal studies of caregivers’ changes, such as the present study, are expected to contribute to understanding the co-development of caregivers and infants.

Hashimoto, H.（橋本博文）, & Maeda, K.（前田楓） (2021). 
Collegial organizational climate alleviates Japanese schoolteachers’ risk for burnout. 
同僚的な学校組織風土は日本人教諭のバーンアウトリスクを軽減する
Frontiers in Psychology, 12:737125.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.737125

The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of individuals’ help-seeking preference (HSP) and their collective perception of the organizational climate in school on teachers’ mental health. Previous studies demonstrated that HSP was negatively associated with risk of burnout, suggesting that teachers who hesitate to seek help from their colleagues are more likely to have mental health problems. Thus, the current study hypothesized that a collegial organizational climate would be negatively associated with burnout. To test this hypothesis, we developed a scale to measure schoolteachers’ collective perception of their organizational climate (Study 1), and the newly developed scale was used to assess its relationship with HSP and teachers’ burnout risk (Study 2). The results demonstrated that younger teachers, a low level of help-seeking, and a less collaborative climate increased the risk of burnout. The results also showed a significant interaction effect, indicating that HSP was less closely associated with teachers’ burnout risk if their organization was perceived as having a collegial climate. These findings clearly show how the social environment of a school’s organizational climate can affect schoolteachers’ mental health in Japan.

Shimizu, Y. (清水 佑輔) (2021).
An overlooked perspective in psychological interventions to reduce anti-elderly discriminatory attitudes.
高齢者に対する差別的態度の軽減を目指した心理学的介入の盲点
Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 765394.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.765394

The world’s population is aging at a remarkable rate. In this aging society, intergenerational conflicts between the elderly and the rest of the population are frequently observed in many workplaces and nursing care. Anti-elderly discriminatory attitudes held by non-elderly people have been examined as one of the major causes of such intergenerational conflicts. This opinion paper will begin with a broad overview of the interventions that have been implemented to reduce anti-elderly discriminatory attitudes. Then, an important perspective specific to a social group of the elderly, which have not been sufficiently paid attention to, is pointed out; all people will eventually belong to a social group of the elderly. As a theory that incorporates this perspective, Levy’s (2009) stereotype embodiment theory (SET) will be introduced, and a typical factor (i.e., subjective time to become elderly) that should be focused on in future interventions to reduce anti-elderly discriminatory attitudes, will be discussed.

Miyagawa, Y. (宮川裕基) & Taniguchi, J. (谷口淳一). (2021).
Sticking fewer (or more) pins into a doll? The role of self-compassion in the relations between interpersonal goals and aggression.
対人目標と攻撃性の関連におけるセルフコンパッションの役割
Motivation and Emotion.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-021-09913-2

Through two studies that utilized pin counts in the voodoo doll aggression task, we tested how compassionate and self-image goals in relationships were associated with aggressive inclinations. Participants in Study 1 (N = 381) recalled and wrote about an experience of being accepted or rejected and participants in Study 2 (N = 391) imagined themselves in hypothetical scenarios of being rejected either by a romantic partner or a supervisor. Regardless of the type of event (Study 1) or rejecter (Study 2), compassionate goals were related to higher self-compassionate reactions that were in turn linked to lower aggressive inclinations, whereas self-image goals were associated with higher aggressive inclinations through lower self-compassionate reactions. Study 2 showed that nonzero-sum beliefs accounted for positive associations between compassionate goals and self-compassionate reactions. Considered together, our findings implied that people who pursue compassionate goals might hold nonzero-sum beliefs that their well-being is connected with those of others and, thus, might display self-compassionate reactions that are linked to lower aggressive inclinations.

Voodoo doll課題を用いた2つの研究で、関係性における思いやり目標と自己イメージ目標がどのように攻撃性と関連するかを検討しました。研究１(N = 381) では、参加者は他者から受容あるいは排斥された出来事を想起し、研究２(N=391)では、参加者は恋愛相手あるいは上司から排斥されたシナリオを読みました。出来事や排斥者の種類にかかわらず、思いやり目標はセルフコンパッションの高さを介して攻撃性の低さと関連していました。一方、自己イメージ目標はセルフコンパッションの低さを介して攻撃性の高さと関連していました。研究２では、思いやり目標とセルフコンパッションの正の関連性が関係性におけるノンゼロサム信念により媒介されることが示されました。以上の結果から、思いやり目標の高い人は、自分と他者のウェルビーイングがつながっているというノンゼロサム信念を有しているため、攻撃性の低さと関連するセルフコンパッションを用いやすいことが示唆されました。

Ogihara, Y. (荻原祐二) (2021).
Direct evidence of the increase in unique names in Japan: The rise of individualism.
日本における個性的な名前の増加: 個人主義傾向の上昇
Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2, 100056.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100056

Previous research analyzed rankings of common baby names and indicated that common names decreased in Japan, suggesting an increase in uniqueness-seeking and individualism. However, it did not directly examine whether unique names increased. To adequately understand the historical changes in naming practices and underlying cultural trends, overcoming this limitation is important. Therefore, I analyzed raw data on baby names and directly examined the historical changes in the rates of unique names in Japan between 2004 and 2018. The results showed that the rates of unique names increased for both boys and girls, providing further evidence of the rise in uniqueness-seeking and individualism. Additionally, unique names increased more rapidly for girls than for boys, which may suggest that parents came to have stronger hope for their daughters that they become unique and independent. This is new evidence showing that sex is a moderating factor of cultural changes in naming in Japan.

https://www.tus.ac.jp/today/archive/20211020_0384.html

Shimizu, Y. (清水佑輔), Osaki, S., Hashimoto, T. (橋本剛明), & Karasawa, K. (唐沢かおり) (2021).
How do people view various kinds of smart city services? Focus on the acquisition of personal information.
人々はスマートシティ関連サービスをどのように捉えているのか：個人情報の取得という観点に着目して
Sustainability, 13(19), 11062. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911062

In smart city services, large volumes of personal information are generally captured, and urban development is based on that data. However, people do not always have accepting attitudes toward smart city services. The purpose of this study was to identify the expectations and anxieties that people have toward five typical services in smart cities (social credit, artificial intelligence (AI) cameras, health information, garbage collection, and automatic vehicles) by using mainly open-ended questions. An online survey was conducted with Japanese participants by presenting them with one of the five vignettes about the services described above. The results showed that the participants’ expectations from each service were distinctly different between the vignettes. Anxieties about the leakage of personal information were found for the vignettes of social credit and health information. For the vignettes of AI cameras and garbage collection, anxieties that privacy would not be sufficiently ensured and that people would be involved in a surveillance society were noted. Additionally, the participants tended to exhibit lower accepting attitudes toward services considered to capture a large amount of personal information. We believe that our findings are meaningful to operators leading smart city projects and researchers in urban planning and psychology.

Miyagawa, Y.(宮川裕基), Niiya, Y.(新谷優), & Taniguchi, J.(谷口淳一) (2021).
Compassionate goals and responses to social rejection: A mediating role of self-compassion.
思いやり目標と社会的排斥への反応：セルフコンパッションによる媒介過程
Current Psychology.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02345-8

The present study examined how people with compassionate goals cope with the threat of social rejection. Specifically, we tested whether self-compassion mediates the associations between compassionate goals and adaptive responses in the wake of social rejection. Participants (n = 358) first filled out the measure of compassionate goals and then described their personal experience of being rejected by others in their life. Later, they reported their levels of self-compassionate reactions toward their experience, fundamental need satisfaction, and revenge intention toward the rejecter. A path model showed that self-compassionate reactions mediated the relations of compassionate goals to higher satisfaction of fundamental needs, B = 0.170, 95%CI [0.062, 0.273], and lower revenge intention, B = −0.077, 95%CI [−0.164, −0.027]. These mediation pathways remained significant for current need satisfaction, B = 0.196, 95%CI [0.089, 0.290], and revenge intention, B = −0.079, 95%CI [−0.161, −0.029], even after controlling for the characteristics of rejection experiences. This study highlights that people who pursue compassionate goals would likely engage in self-compassion to cope with social rejection and thus maintain greater intra-and interpersonal well-being.

Murayama, A.（村山綾）, Miura, A.（三浦麻子）, & Furutani, K.（古谷嘉一郎） (2021). 
Cross-cultural comparison of engagement in ultimate and immanent justice reasoning. 
究極的・内在的公正推論への関与の文化間比較
Asian Journal of Social Psychology.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12510

We investigated direct cross-cultural differences in individuals’ immanent and ultimate justice reasoning about others’ misfortunes, focusing on deservingness as a mediating variable. Participants from the United States and Japan read a scenario describing a subject’s misfortune. The target subject’s moral worth was manipulated as that of a respected person or a thief. After reading the scenario, participants completed questionnaires containing items on immanent and ultimate justice reasoning as well as deservingness of receiving the misfortune and of future restitution. The analysis revealed that Japanese respondents tended to engage more in immanent justice reasoning than did American respondents when the target subject was of low moral worth, while American participants overall engaged more in ultimate justice reasoning compared with Japanese. Our hypotheses on the mediation effect of deservingness on the relationship between country and justice reasoning were partly supported. These findings suggest that an exploration of cultural differences in justice reasoning, incorporating the role of deservingness, can contribute to extending and strengthening the theory of justice reasoning.

本研究では、他者の不幸に対する内在的および究極的な正義の推論における個人の直接的な文化間の差異を、仲介変数としての「ふさわしさ(deservingness)」に注目して検討した。米国と日本の参加者は、ある対象人物の不幸を描いたシナリオを読んだ。対象人物を、尊敬されている人と泥棒のどちらかだと教示するかによって、その人物の道徳的価値を操作した。参加者は、シナリオを読んだ後、内在的・究極的な公正推論，対象人物が不幸を受けたこととそれが将来贖われることの「ふさわしさ(deservingness)」についての質問項目に回答した。分析の結果、日本人は、対象人物の道徳的価値が低い場合に、アメリカ人よりも内在的公正推論を行う傾向があり、一方、アメリカ人は、日本人に比べて究極的公正推論を行う傾向があることが示された。また、対象人物の国籍と公正推論の関係に対する「ふさわしさ(deservingness)」の媒介効果に関する仮説は、部分的に支持された。これらの結果は、公正推論の文化的差異を「ふさわしさ(deservingness)」の役割を含めて検討することが、理論の拡張と強化に寄与することを示唆している。

Shimizu, Y. (清水佑輔), Osaki, S., Hashimoto, T. (橋本剛明), & Karasawa, K. (唐沢かおり) (2021).
The social acceptance of collecting and utilizing personal information in smart cities.
スマートシティにおける個人情報の取得・活用に対する社会的受容の検討
Sustainability, 13(16), 9146.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169146

In recent years, active efforts to implement smart cities have increased worldwide. In smart cities, a large amount of personal information is captured, and urban development is based on these data. In Japan, implementations of smart cities continue to gain momentum, but the issue of social acceptance has become apparent, as smart cities are not fully accepted by citizens because of concerns about data leaks and misuse of personal information. This study examines the social acceptance of collecting and utilizing personal information in smart cities in relation to a variety of factors such as trust and perceptions of risk, justice, benefit, and necessity. An online survey was conducted wherein participants (N = 568) were presented with a vignette depicting an overview of a typical smart city. The results of structural equation modeling showed that perceived justice was positively related to trust and trust was negatively related to perceived risk and positively related to perceived benefit and necessity. Trust, perceived benefit, and perceived necessity were significantly related to social acceptance, with trust having the greatest relationship. The model obtained in this study contributes to practical efforts for the implementation of smart cities, and future directions are discussed.