日本の社会心理学者たちは，活発な研究活動を展開・公表しており，その成果は日本語による論文であれば例えば日本社会心理学会の機関誌である「社会心理学研究」等の学会誌に掲載され，また学術書として公刊されています．一方，当然のことながら学問に国境はなく，特に近年では国際的な論文誌や書籍にその成果が掲載されることも増えてきました．しかし，こうした国際的成果をくまなく知ることは，あまりにそのフィールドが広いためにあまり容易ではありませんでした．
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現在の掲載論文数は，554件です．
Swann et al. (2014)
Swann, W. B. Jr., Buhrmester, M. D., Gomez, A., Jetten, J., Bastian, B., Vazquez, A., Ariyanto, A., Besta, T., Christ, O., Cui, L., Finchilescu, G., Gonzalez, R., Goto, N.(後藤伸彦), Hornsey, M., Sharma, S., Susianto, H., Zhang, A. (2014). What makes a group worth dying for? Identity fusion fosters perception of familial ties, promoting self-sacrifice. どんな集団のためなら死ねる？ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(6), 912-926. doi:10.1037/a0036089
We sought to identify the mechanisms that cause strongly fused individuals (those who have a powerful, visceral feeling of oneness with the group) to make extreme sacrifices for their group. A large multinational study revealed a widespread tendency for fused individuals to endorse making extreme sacrifices for their country. Nevertheless, when asked which of several groups they were most inclined to die for, most participants favored relatively small groups, such as family, over a large and extended group, such as country (Study 1). To integrate these findings, we proposed that a common mechanism accounts for the willingness of fused people to die for smaller and larger groups. Specifically, when fused people perceive that group members share core characteristics, they are more likely to project familial ties common in smaller groups onto the extended group, and this enhances willingness to fight and die for the larger group. Consistent with this, encouraging fused persons to focus on shared core characteristics of members of their country increased their endorsement of making extreme sacrifices for their country. This pattern emerged whether the core characteristics were biological (Studies 2 and 3) or psychological (Studies 4–6) and whether participants were from China, India, the United States, or Spain. Further, priming shared core values increased the perception of familial ties among fused group members, which, in turn, mediated the influence of fusion on endorsement of extreme sacrifices for the country (Study 5). Study 6 replicated this moderated mediation effect whether the core characteristics were positive or negative. Apparently, for strongly fused persons, recognizing that other group members share core characteristics makes extended groups seem “family like” and worth dying for.
Okamoto & Kikkawa (2014)
Okamoto, S.(岡本真一郎), & Kikkawa, T.(吉川肇子) (2014). Verbal Expressions of Risk Communication: A Case Study After the 3.11 Crisis. リスクコミュニケーションの言語表現：東日本大震災後のケーススタディ Journal of Disaster Research, 9(sp), 644-652.
This paper explores problems related to verbal expressions of risk communication. In particular, we analyze several problems that arose during the critical situations caused by the accidents at the Fukushima nuclear plants following the Great East Japan Earthquake from pragmatics, linguistic psychological and social psychological perspectives. e focus on verbal expressions with implicatures and expressions incongruent with the sender’s right of involvement, underscoring that these expressions can lead to inferences on the part of the receiver that were intended by the sender and/or to negative images about the sender.
Nakayachi (2014)
Nakayachi, K. (中谷内一也) (2014). Toward Mitigating Actions: Risk Communication Regarding Natural Disaster. 行為の緩和に向けて：天災に関するリスクコミュニケーション Journal of Disaster Research, 9(sp), 638-643.
Appropriate mitigation measures are not always taken even if individuals perceive a high risk of a natural disaster; therefore, merely sharing information on the degree of risk is insufficient when communicating the true danger in a situation. Which aspects should be taken into account in designing a risk communication program against natural disasters? This article reviews this issue based on findings of risk perception studies and theories of social psychology. The focus was placed upon four topics in addressing the link between risk perception and preparedness for action: (1) perceived efficacy of recommended mitigation measures, (2) trust in risk managers, (3) direct or indirect experience of the disaster, and (4) use of heuristics. This article also addressed the social aspects of human nature in disasters. Immediately after 2011 Tohoku earthquake shocks subsided, mobile phone communication was disabled by the sudden and extremely high demand of users attempting to contact significant others. Emergency evacuation systems, therefore, must be designed with an allowance for the social nature of people trying to confirm the safety of others even when this may conflict with immediate evacuation requirements. The development of an information environment which enables residents to evacuate rapidly, based on psychological findings and advanced technology, was finally discussed.
Kinoshita (2014)
Kinoshita, T. (木下冨雄) Short History of Risk Communication in Japan. リスクコミュニケーション小史 Journal of Disaster Research, 9(sp), 592-597.The notion of risk was introduced in Japanese academia in the 1970s. Following this initial period of interest, the Society for Risk Analysis, Japan, was launched in 1988, coinciding with the first study of “risk communication.” However, the concept was not widely embraced by the public at that time. This situation changed after the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, and risk communication gradually came to be acknowledged in Japanese society. Following the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant incident of March 11, 2011, a boom in risk communication occurred due to anxieties among residents about the possibility of low-level radiation exposure. Regrettably, however, the government’s risk communication system did not work well, and consequently, the general public did not know who or what to believe. Underlying this confusion, we can observe the differences between the “risk cultures” of Japan and the West. Thus, it remains to be seen in what manner Japanese people will come to accept risk communication.
Takemura (2014)
Takemura, K. (竹村幸祐) (2014). Being different leads to being connected: On the adaptive function of uniqueness in "open" societies. 「違う」ことがつながりをもたらす：オープンな社会におけるユニークネスの適応的機能 Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45, 1579-1593. doi: 10.1177/0022022114548684
The current research proposes that high need for uniqueness (NFU) brings individuals positive life outcomes by helping them be connected with, rather than isolated from, others in societies where social relationships are mobile and generally open to outsiders. In societies characterized by a high mobility of relationships (relational mobility) that may result in market-like competitive circumstances (e.g., America), NFU may increase chances of social success by leading individuals to develop their unique “selling points.” In contrast, high NFU may bring worse results in closed societies (e.g., Japan) because of the associated risk of being ostracized. This hypothesis was examined and confirmed by three studies that employed cross-national as well as cross-regional comparisons within a single nation. A pilot study first confirmed that for societies higher in relational mobility, a high NFU person was viewed more favorably as a friend. Studies 1 and 2 found that NFU was more positively associated with life satisfaction, relationship satisfaction (Study 2), as well as income (Study 2) in societies higher in relational mobility.
Murayama et al. (2015)
Murayama, A.（村山綾）, Ryan, C. S., Shimizu, H.（清水裕士）, Kurebayashi, K., & Miura, A.（三浦麻子） (2015). Cultural Differences in Perceptions of Intragroup Conflict and Preferred Conflict-Management Behavior: A Scenario Experiment. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46, 88-100. doi: 10.1177/0022022114551051
This study focused on cultural differences in perceived relationship and task conflict within groups and preferences for active and agreeable conflict-management behavior. Task conflict (low vs. high) and relationship conflict (low vs. high) were manipulated within subjects in a 2 x 2 x 2 (culture) mixed design. Japanese (n = 100) and American (n = 121) undergraduate students rated each scenario with respect to task conflict, relationship conflict, and preferred conflict-management behavior. Results showed that task and relationship conflict were mistaken for each other in both cultures; however, Americans misattributed strong task conflict to relationship conflict more than Japanese. Cultural differences in preferred conflict-management also emerged. Japanese preferred active conflict-management more than Americans in the strong (vs. weak) task conflict situation when relationship conflict was low (vs. high), whereas Americans preferred active conflict management more than Japanese when relationship conflict was high—regardless of task conflict. Finally, Americans preferred agreeable conflict-management behavior more than Japanese when both types of conflict were low.
村山・三浦(2012)と同じテーマの国際比較研究．使ったシナリオは同一で，新たに日本人とアメリカ人のデータを収集した．日本人は葛藤全般に回避的と言われるが，仲が良ければ意見の相違には積極的に対処したいという気持ちはある，ということを示している．
Hepper et al.(2014)
Hepper, E. G., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Ritchie, T., Yung, Y.-F., Hansen, N., Abakoumkin, G., Arikan, G., Cisek, S., Demassosso, B. D., Gebauer, J., Gerber, J. P., Gonzales, R., Kusumi, T.(楠見孝), Misra, G., Rusu, M., Ryan, O., Stephan, E., Vingerhoets, A., & Zhou, X. (2014). Pancultural nostalgia: Prototypical conceptions across cultures. Emotion, 14(4), 733-747. doi: 10.1037/a0036790
Nostalgia is a frequently experienced complex emotion, understood by laypersons in the United Kingdom and United States of America to (a) refer prototypically to fond, self-relevant, social memories and (b) be more pleasant (e.g., happy, warm) than unpleasant (e.g., sad, regretful). This research examined whether people across cultures conceive of nostalgia in the same way. Students in 18 countries across 5 continents (N = 1,704) rated the prototypicality of 35 features of nostalgia. The samples showed high levels of agreement on the rank-order of features. In all countries, participants rated previously identified central (vs. peripheral) features as more prototypical of nostalgia, and showed greater interindividual agreement regarding central (vs. peripheral) features. Cluster analyses revealed subtle variation among groups of countries with respect to the strength of these pancultural patterns. All except African countries manifested the same factor structure of nostalgia features. Additional exemplars generated by participants in an open-ended format did not entail elaboration of the existing set of 35 features. Findings identified key points of cross-cultural agreement regarding conceptions of nostalgia, supporting the notion that nostalgia is a pancultural emotion.
Nakashima & Yanagisawa (2015)
Nakashima, K.(中島健一郎) & Yanagisawa, K.(柳澤邦昭) (2015). Subjective socioeconomic status and departmental identity interact to reduce depressive tendencies and negative affective responding for female undergraduates. 主観的な豊かさと学部アイデンティティが大学生の精神的健康を高める Japanese Psychological Research, 57(2).
How do subjective socioeconomic status and departmental identity promote the mental health of female undergraduates? We conducted a questionnaire study (Study 1) and an experimental study (Study 2) with undergraduates enrolled in a women’s junior college to examine whether subjective socioeconomic status and group identity have an interactive effect on mental health. Results indicated that in participants with high subjective socioeconomic status, increased identification with their reference in-group (the academic department) was associated with a decreased tendency for depression (Study 1). These individuals also showed reduced negative affect when responding in situations of social exclusion (Study 2). These effects were absent, or had a reduced intensity in participants with low subjective socioeconomic status. In sum, subjective socioeconomic status and departmental identity interact to reduce depressive tendencies and negative affective responding for female undergraduates. Individuals with higher subjective socioeconomic status may gain more benefits from group identity. We have discussed the implications of these findings.
Nakayachi & Ozaki (2014)
Nakayachi, K. (中谷内一也) & Ozaki, T. (尾崎拓) (2014). A method to improve trust in disaster risk managers: Voluntary action to share a common fate. 災害リスク管理者の信頼性を高めるためには International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 10(A), 59-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.07.003
In this study, the effect of voluntary action to share a common fate on trust was empirically examined. Voluntary actions to share a common fate involve decisions by risk managers that place them at an equal risk as the public during times of disaster. Participants included 118 housewives who were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: voluntary sharing of a common fate, passive sharing of a common fate, and non-sharing of a common fate. The results of the analysis indicated that trust ratings of risk managers in the voluntary condition were greater than were the ratings in the other two conditions; moreover, the trust ratings in the passive and non-sharing conditions were at equally low levels. Furthermore, the results indicated that perceived value similarity for trust had a high explanatory power in both the passive and non-sharing conditions. These results suggested that risk managers can improve their trust by voluntarily sharing the fate of the general public. The results also indicated that when trust level is low, individual differences in trust are explained by the perception that the values are shared between risk managers and the public. Finally, the relationship between trust in risk managers and the forecast of risk reduction was discussed.
Yamagishi et al. (2014)
Yamagishi, T. (山岸俊男), Yang Li, Y. (李楊), Takagishi, H. (高岸治人), Matsumoto, Y. (松本良恵), & Kiyonari, T. (清成透子) (2014). In Search of Homo economicus. ホモ・エコノミカスを探せ Psychological Science, 5(9), 1699-1711. doi: 10.1177/0956797614538065