日本の社会心理学者たちは，活発な研究活動を展開・公表しており，その成果は日本語による論文であれば例えば日本社会心理学会の機関誌である「社会心理学研究」等の学会誌に掲載され，また学術書として公刊されています．一方，当然のことながら学問に国境はなく，特に近年では国際的な論文誌や書籍にその成果が掲載されることも増えてきました．しかし，こうした国際的成果をくまなく知ることは，あまりにそのフィールドが広いためにあまり容易ではありませんでした．
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現在の掲載論文数は，557件です．
Yamada et al.(2014)
Yamada, A.（山田歩）, Fukuda, H., Samejima, K., Kiyokawa, S., Ueda, K., Noba, S., & Wanikawa, A. (2014). The Effect of an Analytical Appreciation of Colas on Consumer Beverage Choice. Food Quality and Preference, 34, 1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2013.11.008
This experiment examined if the analysis of beverage taste changes the favorite drink of a taster. Participants blind-tasted two brands of cola, Coke and Pepsi. Those who were not asked to verbalize their reactions to each tended to prefer Coke over Pepsi; those who expressed them were more likely to favor Pepsi; and those who indicated an aversion to both showed no clear preference. Participants found it easier to describe their predilection for Pepsi than for Coke but experienced equal difficulty in verbalizing their negative reactions to both colas. These findings suggest that when people taste carefully they tend to focus on the attributes of drinks that they find salient and that seem relevant to their preferences, leading them to choose the one with these attributes as their favorite.
Nakayachi(2013)
Nakayachi, K. (中谷内一也) (2013). The Unintended Effects of Risk-Refuting Information on Anxiety. Risk Analysis, 33(1), 80-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01852.x Best Paper for 2013 in Risk Analysis
Researchers in the field of risk perception have been asking why people are more worried about risk today than in years past. This article explores one possible answer to this question, associative anxiety. The affect heuristic and the mental network models suggest that anxiety triggered by information regarding a particular risk can spread to other risks of the same category. Research to date, however, has not examined how information refuting the particular risk can also be generalized across other risks. The article presents two experimental studies addressing this issue. Study 1 showed that when participants were presented with information based on a real train collision, they experienced increased anxiety not only about train collisions but also about public transportation in general. In contrast, those who were informed about the train collision case as well as the preventative measures implemented after the accident experienced decreased anxiety about train collisions but not about public transportation more generally. Study 2 measured the changes in participant anxiety about a genetically modified organism (GMO) and compared the influence of information about either the existence or nonexistence of its risk. Similar to Study 1, associative anxiety rippled through the risk category. The results also suggest that the follow-up information refuting the GMO risk reduced the anxiety toward the hazard drastically, but did not fully alleviate the anxiety toward other hazards in the category. The implications and the limitations of these studies are also discussed.
Nakayachi et al. (2015)
Nakayachi, K. (中谷内一也), Yokoyama, H.M. & Oki, S. (2015). Public Anxiety after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake: Fluctuations in Hazard Perception After Catastrophe. Journal of Risk Research, 18(2), 156-169. doi: 10.1080/13669877.2013.875936
In 2011, Japan received a massive blow from the Tohoku Earthquake and the ensuing disaster at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Generation Plant (hereafter, the Fukushima Nuclear Plant), with 18,000 people dead or missing, and more than 330,000 evacuated long-term. Anxiety among the people of Japan concerning earthquakes and nuclear accidents is higher than ever, but other hazards confront them as well. This research investigated whether the Japanese people’s anxiety about a variety of other hazards has increased or decreased since the Tohoku Earthquake. Based on the availability heuristic, the contrast effect, and the finite-pool-of-worry hypothesis, it was predicted that public anxiety about earthquakes and nuclear accidents would increase, but anxiety about other hazards would decrease. Data from two nationwide surveys conducted in January 2008 and January 2012 were compared to see the change in societal levels of anxiety toward 51 types of hazards. The results showed that anxiety had increased after the Tohoku Earthquake for only one hazard other than earthquakes and nuclear accidents. For 29 other hazards, anxiety levels had significantly decreased; and for 19 hazards, there was no significant change. These results support the prediction, indicating that post-disaster, overall anxiety levels for Japanese people tended to decline. Practical implications were discussed with a focus on problems that might be caused by the changes in anxiety level.
Yokoyama & Nakayachi (2014)
Yokoyama, H. M & Nakayachi, K. （中谷内一也） (in press). Public judgment on science expenditure in the national budget of Japan: An experimental approach to examining the effects of unpacking science. Public Understanding of Science, 23(5), 610-626. doi: 10.1177/0963662512456347
How does the public assess an appropriate financial allocation to science promotion? This article empirically examined the subadditivity effect in the judgment of budgetary allocation. Results of the first experiment showed that the ratio of the national budget allocated for science promotion by participants increased when science was decomposed into more specific categories compared to when it was presented as “science promotion” alone. Consistent with these findings, results of the second experiment showed that the allotment ratio to science promotion decreased when the number of other expenditure items increased. Meanwhile, the third experiment revealed that in the case of a budgetary cutback, the total amount taken from science promotion greatly increased when science was decomposed into subcategories. The subadditivity effect and increase in the total allotment ratio byunpacking science promotion was confirmed by these three experiments not only onbudgetary allocation but also on budgetary cutback.
Nogami & Yoshida (2013)
Nogami, T.（野上達也）, & Yoshida, F.(吉田富二雄) (2013). The pursuit of self‐interest and rule breaking in an anonymous situation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(4), 909-916. doi: 10.1111/jasp.12056
The present study examined whether psychological self-interest would instigate rule breaking in an anonymous situation. In total, 66 individuals were observed whether they would pursue material or psychological self-interest by breaking existing rules under the cloak of anonymity. Anonymity was defined to minimize accountability for one’s behavior, and was strictly manipulated to make all participants equally anonymous during the experiment. Results showed that only participants in the material-reward condition broke the rules, whereas those in the psychological-reward condition did not. Also, there was no difference found between the two conditions in subjective feelings of anonymity and public self-awareness although rule breaking was observed only in the material-reward condition. Implications for socially undesirable behavior in anonymous situations are discussed.
Yanagisawa et al. (2013)
Yanagisawa, K.(柳澤邦昭), Nishimura, T.(西村太志), Furutani, K.(古谷嘉一郎)，Ura, M.(浦光博) (2013). The effects of general trust on building new relationships after social exclusion: An examination of the 'Settoku Nattoku Game'. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 16(2), 133-141. doi: 10.1111/ajsp.12021
This study used the ‘Settoku Nattoku Game’ (SNG) to examine the effect of general trust on the formation of new relationships after social exclusion. The SNG is a game in which half of the players (the Persuaders) must try to convince the other half (the Persuaded) that a statement is true during an initial session (S1). The two groups then switch roles in a second session (S2). Following the SNG protocol, our dependent variable was the number of people sought out as interaction partners during S2. The frequency of being selected as an interaction partner by others during S1 (i.e. having experienced social exclusion or inclusion) significantly affected the number of interaction partners selected during S2. Those who were excluded during S1 engaged in fewer interactions with others during S2. However, this negative effect of social exclusion on subsequent interactions was moderated by general trust. After social exclusion, people low in general trust interacted less with others during S2 as compared to those who were included, but there was no such relationship for people high in general trust. On the contrary, socially excluded individuals high in general trust actively sought to build new relationships with those whom they did not interact with during S1. The relationship between general trust and interactions with others after a social exclusion experience is further discussed.
Iyengar et al.(2013)
Iyengar, S., Jackman, S., Messing, S., Valentino, N., Aalberg, T., Duch, R., Hahn, K. S., Soroka, S., Harell, A., & Kobayashi, T.（小林哲郎） (2013). Do attitudes about immigration predict willingness to admit individual immigrants? A cross-national test of the person-positivity bias. Public Opinion Quarterly, 73(3), 641-665. doi: 10.1093/poq/nft024This paper demonstrates that citizens in seven advanced industrialized democracies generally oppose more open immigration policies, but stand ready to admit individual immigrants. Using an experimental design, we demonstrate the applicability of the “person-positivity bias” to immigration and investigate the effects of economic and cultural “deservingness” on evaluations of individual immigrants. Our results show that immigrants from professional backgrounds elicit higher levels of support than unskilled workers. The bias against unskilled workers is enlarged among immigrants accompanied by families. In comparison with occupational status and the number of family dependents, the target immigrant’s cultural attributes—as measured by Middle Eastern nationality and Afrocentric appearance—prove relatively inconsequential as criteria for evaluating immigrants.
Ishii et al.(2014)
Ishii, K. (石井敬子), Miyamoto, Y. (宮本百合), Rule, N. O., & Toriyama, R. (鳥山理恵)(2014). Physical Objects as Vehicles of Cultural Transmission: Maintaining Harmony and Uniqueness Through Colored Geometric Patterns. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(2), 175-188. doi: 10.1177/0146167213508151
We examined how cultural values of harmony and uniqueness are represented and maintained through physical media (i.e., colorings of geometric patterns) and how individuals play an active role in selecting and maintaining such cultural values. We found that colorings produced by European American adults and children were judged as more unique, whereas colorings produced by Japanese adults and children were judged as more harmonious, reflecting cultural differences in values. Harmonyundergirded Japanese participants’ preferences for colorings, whereas uniquenessundergirded European American participants’ preferences for colorings. These cultural differences led participants to prefer own-culture colorings over other-culture colorings. Moreover, bicultural participants’ preferences acculturated according to their identification with their host culture. Furthermore, child rearers in Japan and Canada gave feedback about the children’s colorings that were consistent with their culture’s values. These findings suggest that simple geometric patterns can embody cultural values that are socialized and reinforced from an early age.
Tabuchi et al.(2015)
Tabuchi, M.（田渕恵）, Nakagawa, T., Miura, A.（三浦麻子）, & Gondo, Y. (2015). Generativity and Interaction between the Old and Young: The Role of Perceived Respect and Perceived Reject. The Gerontologist. First published online: November 22, 2013 doi: 10.1093/geront/gnt135
Purpose of the Study: We examined the relationships among development ofgenerativity, generative acts, and psychological well-being in old age and the possible mediating effects of perceived rejection and respect from younger generations. We hypothesized that generative action would not lead to well-being unless responding elders perceived respect from younger generations, and, further, that perceived respect would predict the development of generativity.
Design and Methods: In Study 1, we sampled 252 older persons to verify our hypothetical model in a cross-sectional survey. We assessed generative concern, generative action, perceived rejection from younger people, and psychological well-being. In Study 2, the same measures and a new scale to measure perceived respect from younger people were administered in a longitudinal survey. Four hundred older adults responded at two time points 12 months apart.
Results: Path analysis showed that the effect of generative action on ill-being was mediated by perceived rejection and respect from younger generations. Perceived respect from younger generations at baseline predicted an increase in generative concern 12 months later.
Implications: The results suggest that positive intergenerational interaction leads togenerativity development and better well-being in old age.
高齢者の世代性(Generativity)発達および若年者への利他的行動の継続に，世代間相互作用が影響することを，パネルデータを用いて示した。これまでの先行研究では，高齢者と若年者の世代間交流により，世代性が発達し，高齢者における利他的行動が誘発されるとされてきたが，本研究により，高齢者が若年者から敬意や感謝といったポジティブなフィードバックを受けなければ，世代性発達や利他的行動継続が停滞することが示された。
Oda et al. (2014)
Oda, R., Machii, W., Takagi, S., Kato, Y., Takeda, M.（武田美亜）, Kiyonari, T.（清成透子）, Fukukawa, Y.（福川康之）, Hiraishi, K.（平石界） (2013). Personality and altruism in daily life. Personality and Individual Differences, 56, 206-209. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.017
Personality may be among the factors contributing to individual differences in altruism. Given that explanations of altruistic behavior differ according to the relationship between actors and recipients, the personality traits contributing to altruist behavior may differ according to the relationship between the parties involved. However, few studies on the effect of personality on altruism have examined the relationship between donor and recipient, and no study has addressed altruistic behavior in daily life. We employed the Self-Report Altruism Scale Distinguished by the Recipient, which was newly developed to evaluate altruism among Japanese undergraduates, to investigate the relationship between the Big-Five personality traits and the frequency of altruistic behaviors toward various recipients (family members, friends or acquaintances, and strangers) in daily life. With the exception of extraversion, which commonly contributed to altruistic behavior toward all three types of recipients, the particular traits that contributed to altruism differed according to recipient. Conscientiousness contributed to altruism only toward family members, agreeableness contributed to altruism only toward friends/acquaintances, and openness contributed to altruism only toward strangers.
日常生活における利他行動とビッグ５パーソナリティとの関連を検討した。利他行動は「家族」「友人・知人」「他人」に対するものを区別して質問紙により測定した（小田ら, 2013, 心理学研究）。外向性は、利他行動の３次元全てに寄与していた。家族への利他行動には、誠実性も寄与していた。友人・知人への利他行動には、協調性も寄与していた。他人への利他行動には、開放性も寄与していた。