日本の社会心理学者たちは，活発な研究活動を展開・公表しており，その成果は日本語による論文であれば例えば日本社会心理学会の機関誌である「社会心理学研究」等の学会誌に掲載され，また学術書として公刊されています．一方，当然のことながら学問に国境はなく，特に近年では国際的な論文誌や書籍にその成果が掲載されることも増えてきました．しかし，こうした国際的成果をくまなく知ることは，あまりにそのフィールドが広いためにあまり容易ではありませんでした．
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現在の掲載論文数は，551件です．
Quintelier et al. (2013)
Quintelier, K. J. P., Ishii, K.（石井敬子）, Weeden, J., Kurzban, R., & Braeckman, J. (2013). Individual differences in reproductive strategy are related to views about recreational drug use in Belgium, the Netherlands and Japan. Human Nature, 24, 196-217. doi: 10.1007/s12110-013-9165-0
Individual differences in moral views are often explained as the downstream effect of ideological commitments, such as political orientation and religiosity. Recent studies in the U.S. suggest that moral views about recreational drug use are also influenced by attitudes toward sex and that this relationship cannot be explained by ideological commitments. In this study, we investigate student samples from Belgium, The Netherlands, and Japan. We find that, in all samples, sexual attitudes are strongly related to views about recreational drug use, even after controlling for various ideological variables. We discuss our results in light of reproductive strategies as determinants of moral views.
Endo et al. (2013)
Endo, G., Tachikawa, H., Fukuoka, Y. （福岡欣治）, Aiba, M.（相羽美幸）, Nemoto, K., Shiratori, Y., Matsui, Y. （松井豊）, Doi, D., & Asada, T. (2013) How perceived social support relates to suicaidal ideation: A Japanese social resident survey. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, first published on June 5, 2013. doi: 10.1177/0020764013486777
BACKGROUND: The loss of social support is one of the major risk factors for suicide. However, there are few empirical studies that have examined how a person’s suicide ideation relates to their social support.
AIMS: To examine the relationship between social support and suicidal ideation.
METHODS: Self-report questionnaires were sent to 2,200 randomly selected adults in Japan. The questionnaire inquired the participants about the severity of suicidal ideation, the details of current perceived social support and their degree of satisfaction with this social support. Social support and related indicators were compared among three groups of participants that varied in severity of suicidal ideation.
RESULTS: People in the group that had suicide ideation during their lives reported receiving significantly less support from their family and had greater feelings of dissatisfaction with that support than those in the other groups. Furthermore, people who had suicide ideation during the month immediately preceding the survey reported providing less support to their family, relatives or friends, as well as receiving less support from family than other groups, and having stronger feelings of dissatisfaction with social support.
CONCLUSION: Our study identified a strong relationship between the severity of suicidal ideation and perceived social support.
Watabe et al. (2013)
Watabe, M.（渡部 幹）, Kato, T. A.（加藤隆弘）, Tsuboi, S.（坪井 翔）,Ishikawa, K., Hashiya, K., Monji, A, Utsumi, H., & Kanba, S. (2013). Minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, reduces ‘honey trap’ risk in human economic exchange. Scientific Reports, 3, 1685. doi: 10.1038/srep01685.
Recently, minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, has been reported to improve symptoms of psychiatric disorders and to facilitate sober decision-making in healthy human subjects. Here we show that minocycline also reduces the risk of the ‘honey trap’ during an economic exchange. Males tend to cooperate with physically attractive females without careful evaluation of their trustworthiness, resulting in betrayal by the female. In this experiment, healthy male participants made risky choices (whether or not to trust female partners, identified only by photograph, who had decided in advance to exploit the male participants). The results show that trusting behaviour in male participants significantly increased in relation to the perceived attractiveness of the female partner, but that attractiveness did not impact trusting behaviour in the minocycline group. Animal studies have shown thatminocycline inhibits microglial activities. Therefore, this minocycline effect may shed new light on the unknown roles microglia play in human mental activities.
脳内免疫細胞であるミクログリアを不活性化させる抗生物質、ミノサイクリンを実験参加者に投与し、信頼ゲームでの意思決定について偽薬群との比較検討を行った。過去の研究では、ミノサイクリンのミクログリア不活性効果は人々により「理性的な」決定を行わせる可能性が示されていたが、本研究は、異性の外見的魅力の効果について調べた。魅力的な異性に対しては、その異性への信頼度が低くても信頼ゲームにおいて投資行動が見られることは過去の研究でわかっており、本研究でも偽薬群においてそれは追認されたが、ミノサイクリン投与群においてはその傾向はみられなかった。
Nagai et al. (2013)
Nagai M.（永井聖剛）, Bennett, P. J., Rutherford, M. D., Gaspar, C. M., Kumada, T., Sekuler A. B. (2013). Comparing face processing strategies between typically-developed observers and observers with autism using sub-sampled-pixels presentation in response classification technique. Vision Research, 79, 27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2013.01.001
In the present study we modified the standard classification image method bysubsampling visual stimuli to provide us with a technique capable of examining an individual’s face-processing strategy in detail with fewer trials. Experiment 1 confirmed that one testing session (1450 trials) was sufficient to produce classification images that were qualitatively similar to those obtained previously with 10,000 trials (Sekuler et al., 2004). Experiment 2 used this method to compare classification images obtained from observers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically-developing (TD) observers. As was found in Experiment 1, classification images obtained from TD observers suggested that they all discriminated faces based on information conveyed by pixels in the eyes/brow region. In contrast, classification images obtained from ASD observers suggested that they used different perceptual strategies: three out of five ASD observers used a typical strategy of making use of information in the eye/brow region, but two used an atypical strategy that relied on information in the forehead region. The advantage of using the response classification technique is that there is no restriction to specific theoretical perspectives or a priori hypotheses, which enabled us to see unexpected strategies, like ASD’s forehead strategy, and thus showed this technique is particularly useful in the examination of special populations.
Classification imageという最新の心理物理手法を用いて，自閉症者の顔認知にかかわる個人とストラテジーを探索的にかつ高解像度で可視化した。その結果，従来研究からは予想外の自閉症者特有のストラテジーを発見（額の利用）し，加えて，一部の自閉症者は定型発達者と同様ストラテジーを示すことを見出した。
Goto et al. (2013)
Goto, T. (後藤崇志) & Kusumi, T. (楠見 孝) (2013). How can reward contribute to efficient self-control? Reinforcement of task-defined responses diminishes ego-depletion. Motivation and Emotion, 37(4), 726-732. doi: 10.1007/s11031-013-9356-3
We examined whether reinforcement learning of habitual actions diminishes ego depletion after a cognitive control task. Participants performed the Stroop task after a card selection task, in which one group was reinforced to respond to colors in the Stroop task (Stroop-color group) while another group was reinforced to respond to colors not in the Stroop task (non-Stroop-color group). We measured ego depletion in terms of decrement in endurance on an isometric handgrip task after the Stroop task. The Stroop-color group exhibited less decrease in their isometric handgrip endurance compared to the non-Stroop-color group. These results suggest that the former needed less effort for cognitive control during conflict processing, as reinforcement learning make task-defined response habitual. This finding provides a new perspective on the role of reward in cognitive control.
Miyamoto (2013)
Miyamoto, Y. （宮本百合） (2013). Culture and analytic versus holistic cognition: Toward multilevel analyses of cultural influences. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 131-188. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00003-6
A growing body of literature has documented cultural differences in cognitive processes and also proposed various factors underlying these cultural differences. At the same time, not much attention has been paid to proximal-level processes that connect distal-level societal factors to individuals’ cognitive processing. This chapter aims to present a framework to integrate factors at multiple levels to understand cultural influences on cognitive processes. The chapter begins by providing an overview of cultural differences in cognitive processes, including potential moderators of cultural differences. Next, factors underlying cultural differences at multiple levels are outlined, with a focus on proximal-level situational processes. Subsequently, by introducing the case of culturally contingent consequences of power, the chapter illustrates how cultural contexts can moderate the effect of a certain factor on cognitive processes, highlighting the importance of multilevel analyses. Implications of multilevel analyses and directions for future research are discussed at the end.
Miyamoto et al. (2013)
Miyamoto, Y. （宮本百合）, Knoepfler, C., Ishii, K.（石井敬子）, & Ji, L. J. (2013). Cultural variation in the focus on goals versus processes of actions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 707-719. doi: 10.1177/0146167213483579
Everyday actions (e.g., riding a bike) can be described in ways that emphasize either the goals of the action by adapting a higher level identification (e.g., getting exercise) or the processes of the action by adapting a lower level identification (e.g., pedaling). In Studies 1 and 2, we demonstrate cultural differences in focusing on the process or goal of actions at the individual level: Americans are more likely than Japanese to focus on the goal (rather than the process) of actions. Study 3 recruited Chinese participants in addition to American and Japanese participants and found that cultural differences in action identification are partly explained by cultural differences in self-consistency. Study 4 further showed cultural differences at the collective level: American media presents more goal-oriented information and less process-oriented information than does Japanese media. These findings highlight the role of culture in shaping how people attend to different aspects of actions.
Boiger et al. (2013)
Boiger, M., Mesquita,B., Uchida, Y.（内田由紀子）, & Barrett, L. F. (2013). Condoned or condemned - the situational affordance of anger and shame in the US and Japan. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 540-553. doi: 10.1177/0146167213478201
Two studies tested the idea that the situations that people encounter frequently and the situations that they associate most strongly with an emotion differ across cultures in ways that can be understood from what a culture condones or condemns. In a questionnaire study, N = 163 students from the United States and Japan perceived situations as more frequent to the extent that they elicited condoned emotions (anger in the United States, shame in Japan), and they perceived situations as less frequent to the extent that they elicited condemned emotions (shame in the United States, anger in Japan). In a second study, N = 160 students from the United States and Japan free-sorted the same situations. For each emotion, the situations could be organized along two cross-culturally common dimensions. Those situations that touched upon central cultural concerns were perceived to elicit stronger emotions. The largest cultural differences were found for shame; smaller, yet meaningful, differences were found for anger.
Uchida et al. (2013)
Uchida, Y.（内田由紀子）, Takahashi, Y., & Kawahara, K. (2013). Changes in hedonic and eudaimonic well-being after a severe nationwide disaster: The case of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s10902-013-9463-6
This paper presents the results of a longitudinal survey (N = 10,744) that examined how the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011 affected the hedonic and eudaimonic well-being of young people in Japan outside of the afflicted area. Ourdataset consists of Japanese citizens in their 20 and 30 s from all non-afflicted prefectures. We conducted two surveys on well-being, one before the earthquake (December 2010) and one after (March 2011). The results suggested that people who were thinking about the earthquake when they completed the second survey had slightly increased general well-being after the earthquake as compared to before, showing that reflecting on the earthquake had prompted them to reevaluate their lives and increased eudaimonia. However, they experienced temporary negative emotional reactions more frequently, which shows that their sympathy for those in the afflicted area decreased their hedonic well-being. After the earthquake, Japanese youth were likely to value social connectedness and ordinary life. Moreover, this mindset promoted prosocial behaviors such as making donations and volunteering.
Tsukamoto et al. (2013)
Tsukamoto, S.（塚本早織）, Enright, J., & Karasawa, M.（唐沢穣） (2013) Psychological Essentialism and Nationalism as Determinants of Interethnic Bias. The Journal of Social Psychology, 153(5), 515-519. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2
The present study examined whether individuals without strong national identity (i.e., low nationalism) would be susceptible to temporarily elicited essentialism to alter their mental representations of ethnic boundaries, and thus increase interethnicbias. To test these ideas we experimentally induced essentialist beliefs among Japanese subjects about the boundary between Japanese and Chinese ethnicities, while measuring the strength of nationalism as an individual variable. The results were generally consistent with predictions, suggesting that the activation ofessentialist beliefs can strengthen interethnic biases among people without strong nationalism.
「血縁」などの生物学的な要因を用いて社会的カテゴリーを認識する現象は，Psychological Essentialism（心理的本質主義）によって説明される。本研究では，心理的本質主義による民族カテゴリーの認知を実験的に操作し，集団間態度に与える影響を検証した。