日本の社会心理学者たちは,活発な研究活動を展開・公表しており,その成果は日本語による論文であれば例えば日本社会心理学会の機関誌である「社会心理学研究」等の学会誌に掲載され,また学術書として公刊されています.一方,当然のことながら学問に国境はなく,特に近年では国際的な論文誌や書籍にその成果が掲載されることも増えてきました.しかし,こうした国際的成果をくまなく知ることは,あまりにそのフィールドが広いためにあまり容易ではありませんでした.
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現在の掲載論文数は,551件です.
Fujii et al. (2013)
Fujii, T.(藤井勉), Sawaumi, T.(澤海崇文), Aikawa, A. (相川充) (2013). Test-Retest Reliability and Criterion-Related Validity of the Implicit Association Test for Measuring Shyness. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, E96(8), 1768-1774. doi: 10.1587/transfun.E96.A.1768
This study investigated the test-retest reliability and the criterion-related validity of the Implicit Association Test (IAT [1]) that was developed for measuring shyness among Japanese people. The IAT has been used to measure implicit stereotypes, as well as self-concepts, such as implicit shyness and implicit self-esteem. We administered the shyness IAT and the self-esteem IAT to participants (N =59) on two occasions over a one-week interval (Time 1 and Time 2) and examined the test-retest reliability by correlating shyness IATs between the two time points. We also assessed the criterion-related validity by calculating the correlation between implicit shyness and implicit self-esteem. The results indicated a sufficient positive correlation coefficient between the scores of implicit shyness over the one-week interval (r =.67, p < .01). Moreover, a strong negative correlation coefficient was indicated between implicit shyness and implicit self-esteem (r =-.72, p < .01). These results confirmed the test-retest reliability and the criterion-related validity of the Japanese version of the shyness IAT, which is indicative of the validity of the test for assessing implicit shyness.
Takagi et al. (2013)
Takagi, D. (高木大資), Kondo, K., & Kawachi, I. (2013). Social participation and mental health: Moderating effects of gender, social role andrurality. BMC Public Heatlh, 13, 1-8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-701
Background: Previous studies have reported that older people’s social participation has positive effects on their health. However, some studies showed that the impacts of social participation on health differ by gender. We sought to examine whether the effects of social participation on mental health differ for men and women in a Japanese population. We also examined the moderating influence of social position within the organization as well as urban/rural locality.
Methods: We used two waves of the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study’s longitudinal survey, which targeted residents with aged 65 years or over (n = 2,728) in a central part of Japan. The first wave survey was conducted in 2003, and the second wave in 2006. Depressive symptoms of the study participants were assessed using the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). A multilevel logistic regression model was used with individual-level as level 1 and the school district-level as level 2.
Results: We found that higher social participation and performing key roles in the organization had protective effects on depressive symptoms for women. However, there were no main effects of these variables for the mental health of men. We found an interaction between social participation, organizational position, and rural residence among men only. That is, men who occupied leadership positions in organizations reported better mental health, but only in rural areas.
Conclusions: Our findings support the notion that increasing the opportunities for social participation improves older people’s heath, especially for women. However, in the rural Japanese context, offering men meaningful roles within organizations may be important.
Kawamoto et al. (2013)
Kawamoto, T.(川本 大史), Michiru, A. (荒木 満瑠), & Ura, M. (浦 光博) (2013). When a smile changes into evil: Pitfalls of smiles following social exclusion. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 5(3), 21-27. doi: 10.5539/ijps. v5n3p21People have a fundamental and a critical need to belong. Social exclusion impairs this need and rejected individuals must seek to regain acceptance from others. It is known that such individuals show an increased preference for smiles. On the other hand, social exclusion sometimes leads to aggression. It is possible that this contradiction is modulated by acceptance and the level of control, such that prosocial behavior occurs in response to evidence of social affirmation, whereas aggression increases in response to reductions in the level of control. However, little is known about the impact of smiles without social affirmation, or the interaction between the effects of smiles and the level of control. In this study, we investigated the effects of such smiles by manipulating an excluder’s facial expressions (i.e., neutral and smiling faces) and similarity to the participant (i.e., level of control). We hypothesized that smiling excluders that are similar to the participant would increase aggression in the participant, presumably because being rejected by a similar partner reduces the level of control. In support of our hypothesis, results indicated that when excluders smiled, increased aggression was directed at those excluders that were similar to the participant. Our findings imply that a smile of an excluder directed at the person being excluded is one of the risk factors for aggressive behaviors in the excluded person.
Fujiwara et al. (2014)
Fujiwara, K. (藤原 健) & Daibo, I. (大坊郁夫) (2014). The extraction of nonverbal behaviors: Using video images and speech-signal analysis in dyadic conversation. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1-12.
This study examined the validity and possible utility of a new procedure for the extraction of nonverbal behaviors from dyadic conversation. Three methods were used to extract nonverbal behaviors (i.e., hand gestures, adaptors, and utterances). A novel automated method employing video images and speech-signal analysis software programs was compared to the more traditional coding and behavioral rating methods. The automated and coding methods provided an objective count of how many times a target behavior occurred, while behavioral ratings were based on more subjective impressions. Although there was no difference between the automated and coding methods for hand gestures, the coding method using an event recorder yielded marginally significantly more instances of adaptors and utterances as compared to the software programs. Measures of each nonverbal behavior were positively correlated across the different methods. In addition, interpersonal impressions of each speaker were rated by both observers and conversational partners. Although R2 was lower than for the coding/behavioral rating methods, nonverbal behaviors extracted using the software programs significantly predicted familiarity and activeness ratings from both observer and partner points of view. These results support the validity and possible utility of the software-based automated extraction procedure.
Ishii (2013)
Ishii, I. (石井健一) (2013). Nationalism and preferences for domestic and foreign animation programmes in China. International Communication Gazette, 75(2), 225-245. doi: 10.1177/1748048512459148
Since China implemented animation control policies in 2004, foreign animationprogrammes have almost disappeared from Chinese television. At the same time, the Chinese government has invested enormous amounts of money in developing the animation industry as a creative industry. A questionnaire survey was conducted to explore how the Chinese audience views domestic and foreign animationprogrammes. The results indicate that pirated Japanese animation is widely viewed via the Internet by adolescents; on the other hand, domestic animation is popular only among children. Preferences for domestic animation correlate positively with age and patriotism but negatively with Internet use, while preferences for Japanese animation correlate negatively with age and patriotism but positively with Internet use. These results show that nationalistic sentiments are associated with preferences for either domestic or foreign animation programmes. However, preferences for Japanese animation are not significantly associated with anti-government attitudes.
Simnovic et al. (2013)
Simunovic, D., Mifune, N.(三船恒裕), & Yamagishi, T.(山岸俊男) (2013). Preemptive strike: An experimental study of fear-based aggression. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(6), 1120-1123. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.08.003
The mere presence of a potential threat of attack was found to be sufficient to lead significant proportion of participants to engage in preemptive attacks toward potential threats; this response occurred even without an incentive for either party to attack the other. We developed a new experimental game—the preemptive strike game (PSG)—to demonstrate this tendency for defensive aggression. We also found that the rate at which participants attacked an individual representing a potential threat was not influenced by their minimal group membership; participants were no less likely to preemptively attack a member of their own minimal group and no more likely to use aggression against members of another minimal group. These findings indicate a need to further examine the role that fear-based defensive aggression, rather than anger-based spiteful aggression, plays in inter-individual and inter-group conflict.
Yamagishi (2013)
Yamagishi, T. (山岸俊男) (2013). Reply to Egloff et al.: On the relationship between positive and negative reciprocity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110 (9): E787. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1222349110
Hashimoto et al. (2013)
Hashimoto, H.(橋本博文), & Yamagishi, T.(山岸俊男) (2013). Two faces of interdependence: Harmony seeking and rejection avoidance. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 16(2), 142-151. doi: 10.1111/ajsp.12022
We argue that the current concept of interdependent self-construal as ‘harmony seeking’ has overlooked a strategic aspect of interdependence, which we term ‘rejection avoidance’. Using newly constructed scales of interdependent self-construal, one for harmony seeking and one for rejection avoidance, we find that Japanese respondents showed lower independence and higher rejection avoidance than Americans, while no cultural difference was found in harmony seeking. These findings explain why past efforts to demonstrate cultural differences in interdependent self-construal using self-report measures exclusively focusing on the harmony seeking aspect have failed.
Ando et al. (2013)
Ando, J., Fujisawa, K., Shikishima, C.(敷島千鶴), Hiraishi, K.(平石界), Nozaki, M.,Yamagata, S.(山形伸二), Takahashi, Y., Ozaki, K., Suzuki, K., Deno, M., Sasaki, S., Toda, T., Kobayashi, K., Sugimoto, Y., Okada, M., Kijima, N., Ono, Y., Yoshimura, K., Kakihana, S., Maekawa, H., Kamakura, T., Nonaka, K., Kato, N., & Ooki, S. (2013). Two Cohort and Three Independent Anonymous Twin Projects at the Keio Twin Research Center (KoTReC). Twin Research and Human Genetics, 16, 202-216.
The Keio Twin Research Center has conducted two longitudinal twin cohort projects and has collected three independent and anonymous twin data sets for studies of phenotypes related to psychological, socio-economic, and mental health factors. The Keio Twin Study has examined adolescent and adult cohorts, with a total of over 2,400 pairs of twins and their parents. DNA samples are available for approximately 600 of these twin pairs. The Tokyo Twin Cohort Project has followed a total of 1,600 twin pairs from infancy to early childhood. The large-scale cross-sectional twin study (CROSS) has collected data from over 4,000 twin pairs, from 3 to 26 years of age, and from two high school twin cohorts containing a total of 1,000 pairs of twins. These data sets of anonymous twin studies have mainly targeted academic performance, attitude, and social environment. The present article introduces the research designs and major findings of our center, such as genetic structures of cognitive abilities, personality traits, and academic performances, developmental effects of genes and environment on attitude, socio-cognitive ability and parenting, genes x environment interaction on attitude and conduct problem, and statistical methodological challenges and so on. We discuss the challenges in conducting twin research in Japan.
Shikishima et al. (2013)
Shikishima, C.(敷島千鶴), Hiraishi, K.(平石界). Yamagata, S.(山形伸二), Neiderhiser, J.M. & Ando, J. (2013). Culture Moderates the Genetic and Environmental Etiologies of Parenting: A Cultural Behavior Genetic Approach. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 4(4), 434-444. doi:10.1177/1948550612460058
A cultural behavior genetic approach was introduced as a prospective means to describe psychological differences between cultures. We compared genetic and environmental influences on remembered parenting for samples of twins from Japan and Sweden. Data were collected from 720 pairs of young adult Japanese twins and 824 pairs of adult Swedish twins using the Parental Bonding Instrument. In both samples, a very similar phenotypic factor structure was developed for maternal and paternal parenting. However, the genetic and environmental contributions were different. Parenting in Japan showed more genetic influences, whereas parenting in Sweden showed more shared environmental influences. Moreover, covariationamong the six dimensions of parenting (i.e., maternal and paternal Warmth, Protectiveness, and Authoritarianism) was due to genetic correlations in Japan and to shared environmental correlations in Sweden. These results are consistent with the cultural psychology argument that parenting practices are child centered in Japan but parent centered in the West.