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Kikuchi et al. (2013)
Kikuchi, H., Mifune, N.（三船恒裕）, Niino, M., Kira, J., Kohriyama, T., Ota, K., Tanaka, M., Ochi, H., Nakane, S., & Kikuchi, S. (2013). Structural equation modeling of factors contributing to quality of life in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurology, 13(10), 1-9.
Background: To improve quality of life (QOL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), it is important to decrease disability and prevent relapse. The aim of this study was to examine the causal and mutual relationships contributing to QOL in Japanese patients with MS, develop path diagrams, and explore interventions with the potential to improve patient QOL.
Methods: Data of 163 Japanese MS patients were obtained using the Functional Assessment of MS (FAMS) and Nottingham Adjustment Scale-Japanese version (NAS-J) tests, as well as four additional factors that affect QOL (employment status, change of income, availability of disease information, and communication with medical staff). Data were then used in structural equation modeling to develop path diagrams for factors contributing to QOL.
Results: The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score had a significant effect on the total FAMS score. Although EDSS negatively affected the FAMS symptom score, NAS-J subscale scores of anxiety/depression and acceptance were positively related to the FAMS symptom score. Changes in employment status after MS onset negatively affected all NAS-J scores. Knowledge of disease information improved the total NAS-J score, which in turn improved many FAMS subscale scores. Communication with doctors and nurses directly and positively affected some FAMSsubscale scores.
Conclusions: Disability and change in employment status decrease patient QOL. However, the present findings suggest that other factors, such as acquiring information on MS and communicating with medical staff, can compensate for the worsening of QOL.
Park et al. (2013)
Park,J., Haslam,N., Shimizu, H.(清水裕士), Kashima, Y., and Uchida, Y.(内田由紀子). (2013). More Human Than Others, but Not Always Better: The Robustness of Self-Humanizing Across Cultures and Interpersonal Comparisons. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 671-683. doi:10.1177/0022022113485429
Research has shown that people perceive themselves as more human than the average person, independent of their tendencies to self-enhance. This self-humanizing (SHN) effect has been examined in comparisons of the self with fictional or average others, but not with actual others such as a real, though unfamiliar,classmate or a friend. In Study 1, European Australian and Japanese undergraduates compared themselves with either an unfamiliar classmate or average university students to examine their tendencies for SHN. SHN was consistently found across the two comparisons and across the two cultures. Study 2 extended the findings by examining self-other comparisons involving close friend or unfamiliar peer among Australian, Japanese, and Korean undergraduates. As predicted, SHN was obtained in every culture, and SHN effect was greater in East Asia than in Australia. In contrast, self-enhancement was weak and inconsistent across samples and comparisons. The findings extend the current theory of SHN, indicating that the effect is robust and present even in comparisons involving individuated actual others.
Ikeda et al. (2013)
Ikeda K.(池田謙一), Richey, S., & Teresi, H. (2013). Browsing Alone: The Differential Impact of Internet Platforms on Political Participation. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 14(3), 305-319. doi:10.1017/S1468109913000121 We research the political impact of how users access the Internet. Recent research suggests that Internet usage may promote political participation. Internet usage is proposed to be beneficial because it increases activity in diverse politicized social networks and through greater access to information. Even though Internet usage may begin as a non-political activity, we outline several reasons to believe that it may spark later political participation. This impact, however, is likely to be non-existent in new forms of Internet browsing such as through mobile phones, where users do less fullscale browsing. Themore difficult browsing interface ofmobilephones reduces activity in chat rooms and in-depth browsing of online sources of information which promote participation. To test these ideas, we use nationally representative survey data from Japan, a country which has more pronounced usage of mobile phone browsing. Using a Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model, we also show that the chief determinants of using PC’s over mobile phones for Internet browsing are age and education. We then show that PC-based Internet activity correlates with increased political participation, but mobile phone usage correlates with less participation.
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Ikeda (2013)
Ikeda, K.(池田謙一) (2013). Social and institutional trust in East and Southeast Asia. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 9(1), 13-45.
This study explores the structures of social and institutional trust found in East and Southeast Asian political culture. For this purpose, we utilize the Asian Barometer 3 dataset, which currently comprises eleven countries and regions in this part of the world. The primary focus of the analysis is whether so-called Asian cultural values bring about a different structure of social/institutional trust from that found in more developed Western countries. This concerns not only the relationship between trust and culture, but also the cultural effects of the relationship between trust and political participation, which is a major social consequence of social/institutional trust. We employ hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) for the analysis, a method well suited to cross-country comparative analysis, even though the small number of countries in our study may not be strictly sufficient.
Yoshida et al. (2013)
Yoshida, T., Gotoh, T., Tomizawa, N., & Ikeda, K.（池田謙一） (2013). Snowball sampling consumer behaviour research to characterize| the influence of market mavens on social networks. International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, 12(3/4), 268-282.
Market maven is a type of consumers who spread their capricious knowledge widely. Although the existence of market mavens has been known, our research is the first to characterize their disposition and role on social networks. We carried outresearches about consumer behaviour and social network, applying snowball sampling technique, an ideal way to acquire samples of influential individuals. Market mavens were included more among influential respondents. In addition, by the analysis of social network structure, market mavens were found to be taking part in more groups of people and therefore act as a bridge between groups that spreads information from one to others. These results revealed the market mavens’ influence in diffusion processes.
Takagi et al. (2013)
Takagi, D.（高木大資）, Kondo, K., Kondo, N., Cable, N., Ikeda, K.（池田謙一）, & Kawachi, I. (2013). Social disorganization / social fragmentation and risk of depression among older people in Japan: Multilevel investigation of indices of social distance. Social Science & Medicine, 83, 81-89. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.01.001.
Previous studies reported that social disorganization/fragmentation could predict mental well-being of residents in a community. The aim of this study is to examine how area and individual level of social distance could predict likelihood of mental health among older people in Japan. We empirically derived an index of “social distance” by taking averaged differences in sociodemographic characteristics that are income, education, hometown of origin, the duration of residency, and life stage, between the study participants and their neighbors. We used the study participants (n = 9147) from the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study, which targeted residents with aged 65 years or over in a central part in Japan. Depressive symptoms of the study participants were assessed using the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). We also tested if area-level social capital would moderate the association between social distance and depressive symptoms. Using multilevel analyses, we found that higher social distance from neighbors was associated with increased depressive symptoms, independently of respondents’ own values of income and educational attainment. At the individual level, each standard deviation in income-based and education-based social distance was associated with an odds ratio for depressive symptoms of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.01–1.30) and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.03–1.32), respectively. However, the area-aggregated indices of social distance were not associated with depressive symptoms. Additionally, area-level social capital indicating higher levels of trust between neighbors and social participation, buffered the adverse effect of social distance on depressive risk. In an instance of the “dark side” of social capital, we also found that stronger social cohesion increased depressive symptoms for residents whose hometown of origin differed from the communities where they currently resided.
Kobayashi et al. (2013)
Kobayashi, T.（小林哲郎）, Okada, H., Cooharojananone, N., Bracamonte, V., & Suzuki, T. (forthcoming). How can electronic commerce in developing countries attract users from developedcountries? A comparative study of Thailand and Japan. International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies.A comparative study of Thailand and Japan investigated how electronic commerce (EC) in developing countries can be used to attract customers from developedcountries. Thai and Japanese participants were shown language-appropriate versions of a hotel booking website in Thailand. Perceptions of and trust in the website were assessed, as was the willingness to book a room in the hotel using the website. The Thai participants tended to evaluate the quality of the website more highly and to trust it more than did the Japanese participants. Furthermore, the Thai participants tended to think that the hotel was more responsible for their hotel reservations than was the EC service, and that the content of the website was developed by the hotel rather than by the EC service. Thai participants were more likely to express willingness to reserve a room if they thought that the hotel had developed the website content, whereas the Japanese participants’ willingness to book a room were greater when they thought that the EC service had developed the content. Based on these results, customization strategies for EC in developing countries to attract customers from developed countries are discussed.
Yamane et al. (2013)
Yamane, S., Takahashi, T.（高橋泰城）, Kamesaka, A., Tsutsui, Y., & Ohtake, F. (2013). Socio-emotional status, education, and time-discounting in Japanese non-smoking population: A multi-generational study. Psychology, 4(2), 124-132. doi:10.4236/psych.2013.42018
Recent studies in behavioral economics and neuroeconomics have revealed that emotion affects impulsivity in intertemporal choice. We examined the roles of socio-emotional status (i.e., perceived stress, depression, quality of sleep, loneliness) in temporal discounting behavior by Japanese non-smokers in a generation-specific manner (20 – 70 s) with a relatively large sample size (N = 3450). We observed that 1) both men and women are the most impulsive in their 60 s; 2) education has a negative impact on impulsivity in men aged 40 – 49 and women aged 50 – 59; 3) perceived stress has a negative impact on impulsivity in men aged 60 – 69; and 4) sleeplessness has negative and positive impacts on impulsivity in men aged 40 – 49 and women aged 30 – 39, respectively. Biological and social factors underlying observed findings are discussed.
Masui et al. (2013)
Masui, K.（増井啓太）, Fujiwara, H., & Ura, M.（浦光博） (2013). Social exclusion mediates the relationship between psychopathy and aggressive humor style in noninstitutionalized young adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(2), 180-184. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.001
Previous research indicates a positive relation ship between psychopathy and various negative humor styles. The purpose of the present study was to investigate social exclusion as a possible mediator of the association between psychopathy and negative humor styles in noninstitutionalized young adults. One hundred and thirty-nine university students participated by responding to questionnaires that assess psychopathy, the experience of exclusion from friends, and four humor styles (self-enhancing, affiliative, aggressive, and self-defeating). There was a significant positive association between psychopathy, social exclusion, and aggressive styles of humor, and a negative association between psychopathy and affiliative styles of humor. Moreover, the results of a mediation analysis indicated that the association between psychopathy and aggressive humor style is completely explaine d by the experience of social exclusion. These results suggest that high psychopathic participants who are socially excluded use an aggressive humor style more often than low psychopathic individuals. The present study provides further insights into the role played by social environmental factors in the links between psychopathy and associated interpersonal characteristics.
Yuki et al. (2013)
Yuki, M.（結城雅樹）, Sato, K.（佐藤剛介）, Takemura, K.（竹村幸祐）, & Oishi, S. (2013). Social ecology moderates the association between self-esteem and happiness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(4), 741-746. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.02.006
Previous research has found cross-cultural differences in the strength of the association between self-esteem and happiness. We propose that this difference can be explained by relational mobility, or the degree to which options exist in the givensocio-ecological context for relationship formation and dissolution. In Study 1, we found that the association between self-esteem and happiness was stronger among American participants than among Japanese participants. As predicted, this cultural difference was explained by the difference in relational mobility. In Study 2, we found that the association between self-esteem and happiness was stronger among Japanese living in relationally mobile regions than among Japanese living in less mobile regions. In Study 3, we manipulated relational mobility and demonstrated that the thought of living in a relationally mobile society caused individuals to base their life satisfaction judgments on self-esteem. Overall, our research demonstrates the utility of examining cultural differences from a socio-ecological perspective.