日本社会心理学会

Vol.28,No.2 January,2013　

Title: A basic investigation of old-fashioned and modern racisms against Zainichi Koreans
Author: Fumiaki TAKA（University of Tokyo）
Yuri AMEMIYA（Hosei University）
Summary: It has been shown that with regard to Blacks in the US, in addition to old-fashioned racism （a traditional and blatant form of racism），modern racism （a more subtle form, where one denies racism but nevertheless holds negative affect and belief against Blacks） has appeared in the post-Civil Rights Movement era （McConahay, 1986）．Using the questionnaire method and exploratory factor analysis for Japanese college students, the present article revealed that this distinction between the two forms of racism is useful to describe racism against Zainichi Koreans （Korean residents in Japan）．Furthermore, the present research investigated the consequences and underlying factors of the two forms of racism. Racism intensified contradictory discontent against Zainichi Koreans simultaneously, and had expected effects on the estimation of the number of Zainichi Koreans per unit of a certain kind of worker and people on social welfare in Japan. Protestant work ethics （Mirels & Garrett, 1971） intensified and humanitarianism-egalitarianism （Katz & Hass, 1988） weakened the two forms of racism. Implications of these findings were discussed.
Key words: prejudice, old-fashioned racism, modern racism, protestant work ethic, humanitarianism-egalitarianism

Title: Punishment of facial and linguistic signals
Author: Hiroki OZONO and Motoki WATABE（Waseda University）
Sakiko YOSHIKAWA（Kyoto University）
Summary: Trustworthiness can be judged through smiles, because smiling is difficult to fake. On the other hand, linguistic information, which is easier to fake, is also a signal of a person’s trustworthiness; persons claiming to be trustworthy will probably be punished if their lie is exposed. We examined the punishments given to unfair persons who expressed their trustworthiness through linguistic information or facial expressions. In the experiment, all the participants played the Trust Game, wherein they were assigned as donors; 67 participants in Experiment 1 were exposed to their partner’s linguistic information （responses to the questionnaire: trustworthy/neutral）, and 100 participants in Experiment 2 were shown their partner’s face （smile/no smile）. They then decided the amount of endowment to give to their partners. After hearing their partner’s decision （regarding fair/unfair allocation）, they had an opportunity to punish an unfair partner and deduct money from the partner’s share. Results show that liars caught through linguistic information were punished severely, but those caught through facial expressions were not. The different mechanisms between processing linguistic information and facial expressions were discussed.
Key words: smile, linguistic information, signaling, trust, punishment

Title: Images of “moetsuki”: The content analysis based on a newspaper database and questionnaire survey
Author: Junichi IGAWA（Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University）
Daisuke NAKANISHI and Shiro SHIWA（Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University）
Summary: The purpose of this study is to reveal people’s feelings in Japan about “burnout/moetsuki.” In Study 1, we conducted a content analysis using articles in newspapers to confirm the usage of burnout/moetsuki. Results indicated that burnout/moetsuki was viewed negatively: images of burnout were associated with article themes and the profession of the interviewees in the article. In particular, burnout was viewed notably negatively in articles when they were related to human services professionals, although it was viewed positively in articles on sports players （particularly when the sports players themselves talked about their burnout experiences）. In Study 2, we confirmed the effect of the article theme （that is, burnout experienced by sports players was viewed more positively than that experienced by workers in human services）. However, the study could not support the hypothesis about the effects of the profession of the interviewees. These results imply that the term burnout is defined differently by lay people. Therefore, we should rethink the Japanese translation of burnout.
Key words: moetsuki, burnout, human service, newspaper database, content analysis

Title: Cognition of fair social interaction and public order in a correctional institution
Author: Keiichiro IMAZAI（Hokkaido University of Education）
Hiroyuki UCHIYAMA（The Ministry of Justice）
Keiko IMAZAI（Nagoya University）
Summary: According to traditional corrective education, sincere and emotional interaction is effective in changing prisoners’ personalities. However, some recent studies insist that certain psychological operations such as counseling are not effective and occasionally have a negative effect on rehabilitation. In this study, on the other hand, we predicted that keeping public order by treating prisoners with fairness is effective. We asked prisoners to rate staff at their correctional institution, to describe their attitude toward decisions made there, and to give their view of public order in society. We found that fair treatment of prisoners promotes acceptance of investigation results regarding violations or punishments, volition of rehabilitation after release, and internalization of public order. Furthermore, we confirmed that fairness by staff indicates to prisoners that public order within the institution is being maintained.
Key words: social interaction, procedural justice, authority, public order

Title: The effects of bias suppression known as a procedural justice norm and egocentric bias on perceived fairness
Author: Kotaro HARADA（Faculty of Letters, Tokushima Bunri University）
Summary: It is expected in existing theories that bias suppression, known to be a procedural justice norm （Leventhal, 1980）, has a positive influence on perceived fairness and that egocentric bias causes perceivers to make a positive response to favorable outcomes more than to unfavorable ones. In addition, we tend to exhibit egocentric bias when unfavorable outcomes emerge; an interaction between the favorability of an outcome and egocentric bias is therefore to be expected. That is, perceived fairness would be lower in unfavorable outcome without bias suppression than in others. For the sake of meeting expectations, we have availed ourselves of modified scenarios from Study 1 of De Cremer （2004）. Sixty undergraduate students participated in this study, of whom 55 were analyzed. Almost all of the results are to meet expectations. It can be considered that procedural justice might be superior to egocentric bias in perceived fairness; however, the influence of egocentric bias should not be disregarded.
Key words: perceived fairness, procedural justice, bias suppression, egocentric bias

Title: Effects of expressing interpersonal regret on a perceiver’s trust behaviors
Author: Asuka KOMIYA （Graduate School of Humanities, Kobe University）
Motoki WATABE （Organization for Japan-US studies, Waseda University）
Summary: Researchers have recently shown that regret functions to lead appropriate behaviors not to repeat the same failure again. Previous studies also argued that emotions have “functions of expression” in addition to such “functions of experience,” but how expressing regret functions has not been sufficiently investigated. In the present article, we first reviewed the relations across remorse, guilt, and regret, and then reexamined a hypothesis suggested by Van Kleef et al. （2006） that expressing interpersonal regret signals future behavioral change and interpersonal sensitivity, and thus facilitates the construction of relationships. Supporting our predictions, the results showed that persons who indicated interpersonal regret were more likely to be judged trustworthy and were more desired as partners than persons who did not. We discuss the functions of experiencing and expressing regret.
Key words: Regret, expression of regret, trust game