Vol. 35 No. 2 November, 2019　英文要約

Title
The relationship between Christian religious consciousness and subjective well-being for Japanese Christians:
The Roman Catholic Church and the A subgroup of the Holiness Church
Author
Kobo MATSUSHIMA (Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo)
Mingming LIN (Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry)
Ayumu ARAKAWA (Institute of Innovation, Musashino Art University)
Summary
This study examined the relationship between Christian religious consciousness (CFC) and subjective well-being for Japanese Christians. Members of the Roman Catholic Church (status of denomination: Believers, n＝58; Leaders, n＝61) and of the A subgroup of the Holiness Church (status of denomination: Believers, n＝646; leaders, n＝102) participated in the research. Based on factor analysis, we developed a scale of CFC that contained three factors: “Christian doctrine-based belief,” “norms of religious activities,” and “relationship with other church members.” Hierarchical multiple regression analysis on CFC and subjective well-being showed that the people who had high “Christian doctrine-based belief” or a high “relationship with other church members” have high subjective well-being, and that they were partially influenced by subjective well-being among denominations. However well-being was not influenced by status of denomination. These results indicate that subjective well-being rests largely on CFC, although a small portion of it rests on the type of denomination.
Key words
Japanese Christian, Christian religious consciousness, subjective well-being, Roman Catholic Church, A subgroup of the Holiness Church
Title
Assessing the attractiveness of tourist destinations by the Travel Photo Method
Author
Yoshifumi HAYASHI (Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka International University)
Summary
The purpose of this study is to use the travel photo method (TPM) to reveal the kinds of tourist attractions that cause travelers to be attracted to tourist destinations. In the investigation, we obtained the cooperation of 75 travelers. As a result of analyzing 742 supplied photographs, European and American travelers assessed the attractiveness of Nara through the subjects of temple and shrine architecture, modern architecture, statues of Buddha, and Japanese homes, while Asian tourists did so through subjects such as food and shops, lanterns, and torii (gateways to Shinto shrines). Among the Japanese travelers, the group who had visited many times assessed the attractiveness of Nara through the subjects of stone ruins and flora, while the group who had visited fewer times did so through the subjects of fellow travelers, temple and shrine architecture, and deer. Further, the results showed that travelers’ tourism experiences in Nara can be broadly divided into three types. Based on these, we considered the practical significance of assessments of the attractiveness of tourist destinations using TPM.
Key words
destination attractiveness, Travel Photo Method, tourist attractions, tourist experiences, foreign tourists
Title
What causes cross-cultural differences in reactions to the Trolley Problem?
A cross-cultural study on the roles of relational mobility and reputation expectation
Author
Shoko YAMAMOTO (Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University)
Masaki YUKI (Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University/Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University)
Summary
The Trolley Problem is a well-known moral dilemma that deals with the morality of saving many people’s lives at the expense of a smaller number of others. A recent cross-cultural study found that, while the morality rating attributed to the action did not differ, there was a cultural difference in participants’ intention to act in a given way. From a socioecological perspective, we propose that this could be due to cross-societal differences in the expected reputation that others would assign to the actor for performing the action, which in turn stems from different levels of relational mobility in the respective social ecology. Supporting our theory, a vignette study with US and Japanese participants showed that 1) while there was no cultural difference in morality ratings, among those who judged the action to be morally correct, the Japanese participants showed less action intention than the American participants; 2) the Japanese participants expected a less positive reputation for their action from others than did the American participants; and 3) the weaker action intention among the Japanese participants was associated with the smaller relational mobility and weaker positive reputation expected for action.
Key words
moral judgement, Trolley Problem, action and inaction, relational mobility, culture
Title
Effects of media framing and informational positions on the attribution of responsibility for welfare:
Who is “responsible” for it̶the government or recipients?
Author
Mizuki NAKAGOSHI (Graduate School of Sociology, Kwansei Gakuin University)
Kazunori INAMASU (School of Sociology, Kwansei Gakuin University/Research Center for Social Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin University)
Summary
Previous studies have indicated that there is a negative attitude toward the welfare system and its recipients. Media coverage of welfare is considered to be one of the factors behind this attitude. In this research, we conducted a web survey experiment focusing on framing effects, exploring how media coverage of social problems affects people’s ways of perceiving problems. Furthermore, we examined the interaction between media framing and informational positions: whether the article is positive or negative for welfare. Results revealed that the episodic frame focusing on welfare recipients affected the attribution of responsibility to welfare recipients, and this tendency was remarkable in the critical content condition. However, the thematic frame focusing on the welfare system had only a weak influence on the attribution of responsibility to the government, and the difference due to informational positions was also small. Attribution of responsibility affected support for enhancing financial policies. Participants tended to oppose the policies if they attributed causal (onset) responsibility and treatment (offset) responsibility to welfare recipients, and to agree with the policies if they attributed treatment responsibility to the government.
Key words
welfare, framing effects, media frame, informational positions, attribution of responsibility