Vol. 37 No. 3 March, 2022　英文要約

Title

Belief in a Zero-Sum Game as a determinant of anti-immigrant attitudes

Author

Soichiro KASHIHARA (Graduate School of Sociology, Kwansei Gakuin University)
Hiroshi SHIMIZU (School of Sociology, Kwansei Gakuin University)

Summary

This study examined whether individual differences in Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG; Różycka-Tran et al.,2015)predicted anti-immigrant attitudes. Esses et al.(1998)indicated that Zero-Sum Beliefs about allocating resources between a host country’s citizens and immigrants predict anti-immigrant attitudes. However, why individual differences in Zero-Sum Beliefs appear and predict anti-immigrant attitudes has not been examined. Two studies demonstrated that the BZSG Scale, which assesses the individual difference in the perception of general resource distribution, predicts anti-immigrant attitudes. This result suggests that perceiving intergroup situations as competitive influences anti-immigrant attitudes.

Key words

anti-immigrant attitude, zero-sum belief, resource perception, intergroup relation

Title

Life satisfaction and system justiffcation among women in Japan

Author

Yasuko MORINAGA (Hiroshima University)
Koudai FUKUDOME (Fukuyama University)
Makoto HIRAKAWA (Hiroshima University)

Summary

Despite a large gender gap, life satisfaction among women has been nearly equal to or even higher than that among men in Japan. We investigated the relationship between life satisfaction and system justiffcation using two existing datasets and two preregistered surveys administered to Japanese adults (total N＝2,833), employing two scales̶system justiffcation for gender disparity in annual personal income (Existing dataset 1 and Survey 1) and gender system justiffcation (Existing dataset 2 and Survey 2). In line with previous research, we found that life satisfaction among women was nearly equal to (Existing datasets 1 and 2 and Survey 1) and signiffcantly higher than (Survey 2) that among men. Contrary to our prediction, women were less likely to endorse system justiffcation than men across four datasets. However, as expected, we found a palliative function of system justiffcation among women across four datasets̶women who strongly justiffed the existing system displayed higher life satisfaction than women who weakly justiffed it.

Key words

system justiffcation, life satisfaction, gender, gender disparity, gender system